How Unchecked Economic Growth Fuels Devastating Environmental Problems: Insights from Adesokan

Adetomiwa Adesokan is an economist studying the link between climate change and economic growth in Africa. In a recent chat with IFEDAYO OGUNYEMI, he shared insights about carbon emissions and their impact on Nigeria and South Africa.

What led you to research carbon emissions and economic growth?

My journey began with personal experiences. Growing up in Nigeria, I noticed that economic development often ignored environmental harm. I wondered if Africa could achieve growth while also protecting its environment. This curiosity drove me to analyze decades of data on carbon emissions and economic growth in Nigeria and South Africa.

Why Nigeria and South Africa?

These two countries are Africa’s largest carbon emitters, yet their reasons differ. Nigeria’s economy is heavily dependent on oil, while South Africa primarily relies on coal. Despite their unique situations, both face significant sustainability challenges. Examining them together helped clarify how their economic frameworks affect environmental issues.

What did you discover in your research?

The findings were enlightening. In Nigeria, I didn’t find any sign of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), meaning that as the economy grows, pollution continues to rise without signs of improvement. In South Africa, there is evidence of the EKC, indicating that while emissions grow initially, they tend to fall once the economy reaches a certain level.

Another important takeaway was that economic growth does not directly cause an increase in emissions in either country. Growth and emissions do not operate in a straightforward cause-and-effect manner.

What solutions did you suggest based on your findings?

For Nigeria, I highlighted an urgent need for change. The government should increase environmental taxes on fossil fuels and invest more in renewable energy. Additionally, they must tighten trade policies to prevent harmful products from flooding the market.

In South Africa, while the EKC suggests improvement over time, immediate steps are still necessary to reduce emissions and safeguard public health until long-term benefits materialize.

What do your findings mean for Africa’s future?

Africa is at a crucial juncture. We need growth, but we can’t overlook environmental impact. Poorly aligned energy and trade policies could lead us to repeat the mistakes of developed nations, where unchecked growth harmed ecosystems significantly. My research highlighted the importance of trade openness in controlling emissions, especially for Nigeria.

What are your hopes for your research’s future impact?

I aim for my work to shape national and continental policies. Climate change affects many areas, including health and poverty. My goal is to provide evidence that guides Africa toward greener economies. I also hope to inspire young researchers to pursue studies that can help governments make informed decisions.

According to recent statistics, Africa is projected to face a 50% increase in energy demand by 2040. Balancing economic growth with sustainable practices could set a global example. By addressing the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs, Africa can carve a unique path in the fight against climate change.

READ ALSO: Climate change no longer a looming threat; it’s a present crisis in Nigeria — Kalu

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