Climate change is putting Ontario’s lakes at risk. Cyanobacteria, often called blue-green algae, is spreading to the cold waters of the Great Lakes, thanks to warmer temperatures. Nathan Wilson, a doctoral student from Lakehead University, is studying this problem.
Cyanobacteria thrive when nutrient levels, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, rise in lakes. This increase often comes from failing septic systems, agricultural runoff, and land development. In fact, Lake Superior is warming faster than its fellow Great Lakes, making it a prime environment for these bacteria.
Wilson’s work focuses on assessing the health of these lakes by understanding the specific bacteria that inhabit them. While some types of cyanobacteria are harmless, others can produce toxins that endanger both wildlife and people. Health Canada warns that short exposure can lead to rashes and sore throats, while prolonged exposure might result in severe health issues.
The Lakehead Region Conservation Authority oversees four water bodies in the Thunder Bay area, all of which have tested positive for cyanobacteria blooms since 2022. With blooms appearing at Thunder Bay’s shoreline, there’s a looming threat to Canada’s largest freshwater lake. Yet, despite ongoing monitoring by various agencies, Environment and Climate Change Canada stated, “Lake Superior is not currently experiencing widespread, persistent blooms.”
One major concern is the slow response time in detecting and reporting blooms. Testing can take days, which means a bloom could disappear by the time results come out. This jeopardizes public safety, as beaches could remain open despite hidden hazards.
Users can report suspected blooms to Ontario’s Ministry of the Environment. If confirmed, a local health unit will post the data online. However, Wilson highlights that this reactive approach can lead to missed updates, as blooms can migrate.
The challenge of managing algae blooms requires community participation. Wilson argues that public education about bloom prevention is vital. Proper management of septic systems can significantly reduce local pollution. With enough community effort, the incidence of cyanobacteria could drop.
In a recent survey by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, it was reported that provinces and territories are seeing more public reports of harmful algal blooms than ever before. Increased awareness is essential, alongside continuous monitoring of waterways.
As climate change remains a growing threat, addressing these issues involves both government action and grassroots involvement. Together, they can help protect Ontario’s beautiful lakes from further danger.
