Education is often seen as the path to adulthood and a key to a better future. But what happens when earning a degree doesn’t lead to jobs or a stable life? For many young people in Zimbabwe, this is a disappointing reality.
In the last twenty years, Zimbabwe has faced major economic, financial, political, and social challenges. These issues have damaged the trust in education as a way to move up in society. A recent survey showed that while 90% of young Zimbabweans have gone through secondary or higher education, 41% are still unemployed, compared to just 26% of older generations.
This struggle has found its way into Zimdancehall music, a popular genre among youth. Artists often sing about hustling, informal jobs, and shattered dreams. Songs like Winky D’s “Twenty Five” reflect the realities of young Zimbabweans trying to make a living.
In my research, I studied how the informal economy affects people in Zimbabwe and Zambia. I focused on how young graduates feel about their education. Many expressed frustration, saying that education no longer guarantees a better job or life. Yet, they remain resilient. Some are pursuing new qualifications in hopes of a better future, while others are actively involved in protests aimed at joblessness and economic issues.
Understanding the current educational landscape in Zimbabwe requires looking back at its history. The country was under British colonial rule, and the education system during that time supported racial divides. White students received an academic education, while Black students were trained for low-skilled jobs.
In the 1930s, education became a way for a small number of Black individuals to enter the middle class. There were some improvements for women as well. But even with changes in the 1980s to democratize the education system, it has faced setbacks due to economic collapse and a lack of resources.
Today, many graduates feel that their education is no longer a ticket to success. They feel like they were promised a key to a better life, but now see no door to open. Some work in informal sectors, while others abandon their dreams of further education, chasing more immediate opportunities instead.
Many young graduates are advocating for change in the education system. They argue that teaching should focus on preparing students for jobs and entrepreneurship rather than just exams. In recent years, the government introduced an “education 5.0” framework that promotes entrepreneurship. It’s still too early to tell if this will make a difference, especially given the country’s complicated educational history.
Overall, the relationship between education and employment is complicated. Many graduates feel disillusioned, realizing that the promises of education have not lived up to reality. The challenge remains to bridge the gap between what education offers and what the job market needs.
