New Discovery: Hundreds of Giant Viruses Threatening Ocean Life Revealed by Scientists

A recent study published in Nature npj Viruses revealed an astonishing 230 giant viruses lurking in oceans worldwide. These giant DNA viruses, some containing genes usually found in cellular organisms, have a significant role in our marine ecosystems. They influence vital processes like carbon cycling and photosynthesis by interacting with marine microbes.

Researchers from the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science conducted the study. Their custom-built tool, BEREN, enabled them to analyze data from various oceanic projects, uncovering hundreds of new viral genomes in samples ranging from polar to equatorial waters.

These giant viruses infect protists—tiny organisms such as algae that are crucial to marine food chains. By altering these creatures at a genetic level, they can affect the stability of food webs and potentially lead to harmful algal blooms, which can jeopardize public health.

“We’re learning that giant viruses are central to the ocean’s ecosystem,” said Mohammad Moniruzzaman, an assistant professor involved in the research. "They might even help us manage harmful algal blooms, which pose risks not only in Florida but globally." Phytoplankton, the base of the ocean food web, are often harmed by these viruses, but their unique functions could also hold biotechnological promise.

The analysis highlighted that these giant viruses contain 530 new functional proteins, including some connected to photosynthesis. This surprising finding suggests that viruses are not merely invaders; they can significantly alter the metabolism of their hosts.

To process the vast amount of data, the team used the Pegasus supercomputer at the University of Miami. They aimed to reconstruct full viral genomes from extensive environmental libraries.

“This research indicates that giant viruses may largely influence the way marine organisms metabolize during infections,” explained lead author Benjamin Minch. Their work sheds light on the complex interactions in our oceans, raising awareness about their broader implications.

BEREN, the software tool used, has revolutionized how scientists detect viruses in marine environments. Before this, many giant viruses remained hidden due to their complex nature. Now, with BEREN, researchers can monitor viral communities more effectively, providing vital information about potential algal blooms, environmental pathogens, and pollution in our waterways.

By understanding these giant viruses, we can better grasp their effects on marine ecosystems and explore innovative solutions for environmental challenges. This study not only enhances our knowledge of marine biology but highlights the importance of continuing research in the field of virology.

For further insights on how viruses impact ecosystems, you can read more on Nature.

Source link