New Pangolin Species Discovered: What It Means for Conservation Efforts

Indian scientists have proposed a new species of pangolin called Manis indoburmanica. This discovery is based on genetic studies that show this pangolin branched off from the Chinese pangolin about 3.4 million years ago. Some experts think more evidence is needed before it gets full recognition.

The Indo-Burmese pangolin shares some of its habitat with the Chinese and Indian pangolins. It has unique features, such as differences in scale color, size, and skull shape, along with a distinct genetic makeup.

Conservationists raise alarms about the dangers faced by this new species due to illegal wildlife trafficking, especially in South and Southeast Asia. They stress the importance of protecting this species quickly to avoid creating loopholes in trade laws. The risks of habitat loss, poaching, and the impacts of climate change put the Indo-Burmese pangolin in serious danger and suggest it may qualify as endangered.

The proposal for this pangolin species emerged from a study conducted by the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI). Their research indicates that this pangolin diverged from the Chinese pangolin much earlier than previously thought. The study, published in Mammalian Biology, revealed significant genetic differences using mitochondrial DNA from seized pangolins.

Mukesh Thakur, a senior scientist at ZSI, explained that the genetic analysis supports the idea that this pangolin has been evolving independently for millions of years. If recognized as a separate species, it would increase the total number of known pangolin species to nine, adding to the existing eight recognized species.

Historically, scientists have confused the Indo-Burmese pangolin with its relatives because of similar physical traits. Thakur noted that identifying species based on appearance can be misleading. However, new genetic analysis techniques have helped uncover this relationship.

The Indo-Burmese pangolin appears to thrive in the unique environments of the Indo-Burma region, comprising complex habitats across eastern Nepal, northeastern India, and northwestern Myanmar. It typically lives at elevations between 180 to 1,830 meters (590 to 6,000 feet).

Like all pangolins, this new species faces severe threats from illegal trafficking, especially since its habitat overlaps with major trafficking routes. The recognition of this new species poses a challenge; while existing pangolin species enjoy strict protections under international trade laws, the new species could inadvertently become a target for trade if not properly regulated.

In summary, the Indo-Burmese pangolin stands at a crossroads. Its genetic uniqueness is an exciting find in the study of biodiversity. However, without proper protections and further research, this species could be overwhelmed by threats in its natural habitat. The urgent need for conservation efforts is clear as we expand our understanding of these elusive creatures.

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