Obesity is a growing concern worldwide, impacting millions daily. It’s linked to various health issues like heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, and even social stigma. While lifestyle choices play a big role, researchers have found about 20 genes that influence the risk of developing obesity.
A recent study by Penn State, involving nearly 850,000 adults from diverse backgrounds, has identified 13 genes related to obesity. While eight of these genes were known before, five are new discoveries. This research underscores the importance of studying multiple ancestries, as previous findings mostly focused on European populations, potentially overlooking critical genes found in other groups.
Deepro Banerjee, a graduate student and lead author, emphasizes the need for more diverse research. “Obesity affects many, but most studies have been too narrow,” he said. The aim is to improve precision medicine by identifying genes that could help treat obesity effectively across different populations.
Santhosh Girirajan, a professor involved in the study, noted that focusing on a single ancestry may lead to missed opportunities. “We require a broader dataset from various ancestries,” he explained. The study combined data from the UK Biobank and the All of Us Research Program, which offers a more inclusive view of U.S. ancestry.
The researchers especially focused on rare genetic variants. These unique mutations can significantly influence obesity but are often missed in smaller studies. Notably, combining data from different ancestries allowed them to identify 13 genes linked to body mass index (BMI). Some of these genes were previously associated with obesity, while others, like YLPM1, were hidden gems that proved crucial.
Interestingly, these newly recognized genes impact not just obesity, but other related conditions, including heart disease and Type 2 diabetes. The team used advanced statistical methods to explore how these genes affect health risks, revealing both direct and indirect pathways. For example, some genes increased the risk of Type 2 diabetes both directly and through their influence on BMI.
In another exciting finding, the researchers linked these genes to changes in blood proteins, which could lead to new treatment options. This highlights the potential for precision medicine to target obesity more effectively, tailoring approaches for individuals based on their genetic makeup.
In summary, this research illustrates the value of studying genetic factors from a global perspective. It shows that by broadening our focus, we can uncover vital insights into obesity that will pave the way for more effective treatments.
For a more in-depth look at the growing epidemic of obesity and its implications, consult resources from the World Health Organization here.
