Two emerging viruses, influenza D virus and canine coronavirus, are drawing attention from disease experts. While these viruses have not been widely recognized, researchers believe they could pose significant risks to human health.
In a recent article from Emerging Infectious Diseases, authors warn that without adequate monitoring and testing, these viruses could easily spread among people. John Lednicky, a research professor at the University of Florida, emphasized that both viruses can lead to respiratory illnesses. He pointed out, “If they evolve to transmit easily from one person to another, they could cause serious outbreaks since most people have no immunity against them.”
Influenza D virus was first discovered in 2011 and mainly affects livestock like pigs and cows. It has been linked to costly respiratory diseases in cattle, with the U.S. cattle industry losing around $1 billion annually due to this virus. Notably, a study indicated that almost all cattle workers they surveyed showed signs of past exposure to the influenza D virus. These infections have not caused noticeable symptoms in these workers so far. However, scientists are concerned about the potential for rapid evolution, particularly since a new strain isolated in China has demonstrated the ability to transmit between humans.
On the other hand, canine coronavirus primarily affects dogs and causes gastrointestinal problems. Although rare, human cases have been reported, particularly in Southeast Asia, where infection has been linked to pneumonia. In 2017, a strain of canine coronavirus was isolated from a person who had traveled from Florida to Haiti, showing that these viruses can jump from animals to humans.
Gregory Gray, director of the One Health Research and Training Laboratory, found another strain of canine coronavirus in 2021. This strain had been linked to a child in Malaysia and is now spreading in multiple countries, including Thailand and Vietnam.
These developments remind us of the importance of preparedness. A virus that efficiently spreads among humans can quickly lead to widespread outbreaks. Scientists urge for improved monitoring, testing, and potential vaccines to better address these risks.
Experts warn that our current understanding of these viruses is limited. With only a few studies available, the potential threats they present to public health could be significant. As we have learned from past pandemics, timely action is crucial for preventing new health crises.
For more on the subject, check out the article in Emerging Infectious Diseases.
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