Despite relatively mild weather in 2024, Australia’s environment is still facing significant challenges like habitat destruction and invasive species, all while climate change lurks in the background. The Australian National University’s annual report paints a complex picture of the nation’s ecological health.
This year, Australia scored 7.7 out of 10 on its environmental scale. This is an improvement compared to recent years, where scores ranged from 6.5 to 8.5, especially when compared to the alarming 0.4 recorded during the devastating Black Summer bushfires in 2019. However, caution is necessary. Albert van Dijk, a climate expert at ANU, warns that this overall score can hide local problems and variations.
While rainfall this year was 18% above average, supporting plant growth and improving soil moisture, there are deeper issues to consider. For instance, ocean temperatures hit new extremes, and 41 species were added to the threatened list. Van Dijk noted that Australia’s reliance on water means that our ecosystems can fluctuate dramatically with changes in rainfall. “We’ve been lucky for four years in a row, but that doesn’t mean the issues are behind us,” he cautioned.
Increased rainfall does not erase the impact of climate change. Higher temperatures from greenhouse gas emissions are linked to increased rainfall and extreme weather patterns. The UN World Meteorological Organization recently confirmed that 2023 was the hottest year on record. With projections suggesting 2024 may be the first year exceeding a 1.5°C increase from pre-industrial levels, the urgency for action has never been greater.
Recent events show that climate change is already manifesting through more frequent and severe weather disasters. For example, Tropical Cyclone Alfred made landfall near Brisbane, bringing heavy rains and strong winds. While it did not reach the feared category two status, its effects still devastated local communities. Reports indicate that climate change is causing cyclones to move more slowly, resulting in prolonged rain and increased damage. Additionally, cyclones are tracking further south, threatening densely populated areas.
Experts agree that if we are to mitigate these risks, swift action is essential. Policymakers must prioritize cutting emissions and protecting natural habitats. Fulfilling commitments, such as establishing a national Environmental Protection Agency, is crucial for future resilience. The road ahead is challenging, but understanding these complex interactions allows for better decision-making and hopefully a healthier environment.
For more information on climate trends and critical data, see the World Meteorological Organization’s reports.
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