Protecting Belize’s Vibrant Reefs: The Urgent Threat of Climate Change – Insights from The San Pedro Sun

Climate change is a big problem for ecosystems around the world, and Belize is no exception. The Belize Barrier Reef, one of its most treasured natural wonders, is feeling the heat. Rising ocean temperatures have led to serious coral bleaching, especially near San Pedro and Laughing Bird Caye. This has caused significant coral loss, worrying environmental groups like Fragments of Hope (FOH). They’re working hard to monitor coral health and restore habitats through their planting programs. Typically, they do this during the quieter months of hurricane season and plan to continue their efforts in December.

FOH is praised for its impressive work in places like Laughing Bird Caye and Ambergris Caye, but challenges keep piling up. Natasha Gibson from FOH shared that they faced severe setbacks in 2024, noting, “We have lost a tremendous number of corals around Laughing Bird Caye.” She explained that if coral death outpaces restoration, this could threaten coastal resilience and tourism, which are vital to Belize’s economy.

With ongoing coral bleaching, the future is uncertain. Gibson pointed out, “It feels hopeless to even try and plant any corals.” Right now, FOH is focused on gathering data about the changes in coral health over the past few years. Interestingly, some coral species, like staghorn corals, show resilience. FOH has had success transplanting these hardier species in areas like Caye Caulker, which gives some hope.

Scientifically speaking, coral bleaching happens when heat stress disrupts the beneficial relationship between coral and the algae (zooxanthellae) living in its tissues. When stressed, these algae leave, making the coral look white and starving it of food. For corals to recover, the water temperature must drop, allowing the algae to return.

The struggle to protect Belize’s reefs isn’t new. Since 2023, the country’s reefs have faced a tough fight against ecological threats, marked by a global bleaching event that continues today. According to the 2024 Mesoamerican Reef Report Card, the health of the reef system is poor, with a score of only 2.5 out of 5 based on surveys of 110 sites. The report highlights a continued decline in coral cover, which is alarming.

Compounding the issue, the World Meteorological Organization predicts that ocean heat stress will worsen over the next five years. As the situation worsens, organizations like FOH are stepping up efforts. They’re carefully choosing spots for coral planting, aiming to give corals a fighting chance for survival. The mission to protect Belize’s reefs is more crucial than ever.

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