Rediscovering India’s Hidden Grasslands: Key to Wildlife Conservation, Climate Resilience, and Rural Prosperity

India’s grasslands often go unnoticed, even though they play a vital role in our ecosystem. Misunderstood as “wastelands,” these areas are disappearing fast due to agriculture and development. This neglect is concerning because grasslands are crucial for biodiversity, climate resilience, and supporting rural livelihoods.

My interest in grasslands grew after a family trip to the Serengeti in Tanzania. Standing on that vast plain, I was struck by the sheer number of animals relying on the grassland. It hit me that grasslands are not just habitats for wildlife; they also provide staple foods like rice, wheat, and maize. Recognizing their importance is key to our survival.

Most folks, outside of environmentalists, overlook this vital connection. I hope to shed light on why we need to protect these often-forgotten ecosystems.

Grasslands cover nearly a quarter of India’s land area and offer diverse types, each suited to unique climates:

• Tropical Grasslands: Found in central and southern India, these areas support species like blackbuck and the Great Indian Bustard.
• Semi-Arid Grasslands: Located in Rajasthan and Gujarat, they host drought-resistant species and wildlife like desert foxes.
• Montane Grasslands: In the Western Ghats, these ecosystems support unique species like the Nilgiri tahr.
• Terai Grasslands: Stretching across the Himalayan foothills, these grasslands are home to elephants and the Great Indian Rhinoceros.
• Coastal Grasslands: Found along the coasts, these areas stabilize dunes and provide habitats for migratory birds.

These grasslands are home to many iconic species and play a significant role in their environments. However, they face increasing threats from human activity, such as invasive species and land encroachment. A notable study by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research indicates that grasslands can reduce soil erosion by 70–90% compared to bare land, making them crucial in combating land degradation.

Grasslands are also essential for the livelihoods of pastoral communities like the Maldharis and Dhangars, who rely on them for grazing and traditional practices. Their deep root systems help with soil and water conservation, offering eerie support to climate change mitigation efforts. Research by TERI highlights that grasslands allow up to 6 times more water to infiltrate the ground than cultivated land.

Despite their importance, India’s grasslands are amongst the most degraded ecosystems. According to the ISRO Atlas of Land Degradation, many grasslands are disappearing, yet funds are available for restoration. Some states are beginning to act, using resources to restore these vital areas, but many still overlook the value of grasslands.

To address these issues, a National Grassland Conservation Mission is essential. We need dedicated funding and policies that recognize grasslands as vital ecosystems. Collaborative efforts that include scientists, local communities, and policymakers can lead to effective restoration strategies.

In summary, India’s grasslands are not wastelands; they are crucial for our environment, economy, and overall well-being. Recognizing this can spark necessary action for preservation and restoration.

Milind Deshpande is a Certified CELTA English Teacher and former IELTS Coach from Thane, Maharashtra.

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