- Scientists have successfully created a synthetic eukaryotic genome.
- This breakthrough involved modifying yeast cells to make them more resilient and capable of producing more spores.
- Such innovations could promote sustainable manufacturing processes using eukaryotic microbes.
In an exciting advance for science, researchers, led by Hugh Goold from Macquarie University, crafted the first synthetic eukaryotic genome in a type of yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While past studies focused on simpler organisms, this project marks a significant leap as it involves more complex life forms that possess a nucleus.
This groundbreaking technology allows scientists to tailor life forms by enhancing specific traits. Through the Sc2.0 Project, the yeast was redesigned to improve spore production and reduce mutations, enhancing its growth stability, particularly since this yeast often mutates randomly.
The effort to reconstruct this yeast’s genome took a decade. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, often used in brewing and baking, can now potentially withstand diseases and climate threats. The aim is to produce higher-quality food sustainably.
The researchers noted, “This technology could help secure food supply chains against climate change, global pandemics, and other disruptions.”
To develop a specific synthetic chromosome, researchers combined various strains of S. cerevisiae that already had synthetic DNA elements. They used a technique called backcrossing, which helps isolate traits by mating different parent cells to create hybrids. While some strains showed signs of growth issues and mutations, further analysis pinpointed the genetic glitches causing these problems.
They tackled these issues using CRISPR and other genetic editing tools. The yeast was fine-tuned to thrive on glycerol and absorb necessary nutrients more effectively. A copper deficit was resolved simply by adding copper sulfate to its growth medium.
This approach opens doors not just for improving crops but for optimizing other eukaryotic microbes currently used in green manufacturing processes.
As the research team reflects, S. cerevisiae has great potential for developing new genes and chromosomes, which can lead to creating organisms tailored to meet human needs.
In the future, there may even be the possibility of creating artificial mammalian genomes. But for now, the possibilities with this single yeast are vast.
Source link
news
