Chain-of-Evidence is a conceptual framework for verifiable research that defines what makes a research artifact trustworthy, much as ACID defines what makes a database transaction reliable.
Rather than prescribing how to build a research agent, the framework focuses on the properties its outputs must have. It is built around one principle with two parts: every claim in a research artifact must carry a recorded evidence chain, and each chain must genuinely support the claim it is attached to.
In this framework, a claim may be a reference, a reported number, a method description, or a conclusion. Each must link back to corresponding evidence, such as a peer-reviewed paper, an experimental log line, the code that actually ran, or the results table.
The source text gives several examples of where this matters. A hallucinated reference points to a paper that does not exist. An unreproducible score does not reappear when the code is re-run. A misdescribed method claims one algorithm in the paper while the code implements another.
Each of those cases is described as a claim whose chain back to its evidence is broken. The CoE Audit is meant to make those breaks measurable.
Source: research.google.
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