Air pollution is a serious issue affecting nearly everyone on the planet. According to a recent report by the United Nations, about nine million people die from air pollution each year. Alarmingly, 99% of the world’s population breathes polluted air, with most pollution-related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries.
The Global Environment Outlook-7 report, released by the UN, highlights the link between air pollution and climate change. They form a “vicious cycle.” As temperatures rise, air quality worsens, which exacerbates climate change and leads to health issues and economic losses worldwide.
Over the last 20 years, the landscape of pollution has changed. For example, levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide have decreased in Western Europe and North America, but they have risen in parts of Asia. Methane emissions from human activities also increased by 20% from 2000 to 2020, primarily from landfills and waste facilities. Many emissions go unreported due to leaks from aging sites.
Notably, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has declined in many cities across North America, Central America, Europe, and Asia. Some cities like London and Beijing saw improvements, but places like Delhi and Lagos still struggle with high pollution levels.
Climate change has raised global temperatures significantly, creating conditions that lead to more wildfires. The World Meteorological Organization confirmed that recent years have shown a notable rise in temperatures, making wildfires more likely. These fires worsen climate change by releasing greenhouse gases and increasing air pollution. Predictions suggest the likelihood of wildfires could increase substantially over the coming decades.
Wildfire smoke poses severe risks to vulnerable groups, such as people with respiratory issues, the elderly, pregnant women, and infants. As the climate continues to change, the threats related to air pollution will likely grow.
The report also uncovers hidden sources of pollution that often go unnoticed. For example, nanoparticles from industrial activities and microplastics are emerging as significant air quality concerns. Events like traditional festivals can create sudden spikes in pollution levels, further complicating the issue.
War also plays a role in degrading air quality. The ongoing conflict in Ukraine resulted in a significant increase in pollution levels in affected cities. Pollution now ranks as a leading cause of disease and premature death globally, costing the economy trillions of dollars annually.
According to the report, climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution already impose hefty financial burdens. The relationship between air pollution and climate change makes it clear that we can’t tackle one without considering the other. Addressing these challenges is essential for a healthier planet and population.
Overall, the situation is dire, but understanding its complexities can help in addressing these pressing environmental issues.
