High above the thunderclouds, scientists are uncovering amazing phenomena called transient luminous events (TLEs), which include stunning flashes like red sprites and blue jets. These magical bursts of light happen far above where jets fly, triggered by lightning below.
Astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) are now capturing these dazzling displays in detail. Special instruments outside the station take rapid images and measure radiation, helping experts learn how these phenomena could affect our atmosphere, long-distance radio signals, and even climate.
Recent advances in space-based meteorology are changing how we understand storms. By observing lightning from space, researchers are discovering that storm energy reaches much higher than we originally thought.
The European Space Agency’s Atmosphere–Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) plays a crucial role in this research. Launched in 2018, it detects light, ultraviolet radiation, and X-rays from electrical events occurring between 20 and 100 kilometers above Earth. ASIM can observe thunderstorm activity, especially in tropical areas, revealing patterns we couldn’t see before.
For example, ASIM’s instruments recorded a bright blue jet rising from a storm cloud at about 40 kilometers, confirming the connection between these upper-atmospheric discharges and wild weather below. A recent study indicated that lightning discharges can release enough electromagnetic energy to reach the ionosphere, impacting communication systems on Earth. This insight is vital for aviation and military communications as it reveals potential interference that could occur during severe weather.
In addition to the magical lights, storms can generate terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), which are short bursts of high-energy radiation. These events can expose airplane passengers to radiation levels similar to a chest X-ray. To enhance detection of these phenomena, the UAE and Bahrain developed the Light-1 CubeSat, launched in 2021. This tiny satellite has successfully recorded nearly 50 gamma-ray flashes, contributing to a better understanding of how radiation travels during storms.
Another exciting project on the ISS involves ultra-high-speed cameras as part of the THOR-DAVIS experiment. This setup captures lightning activity in remarkable detail. With the ability to record at 100,000 frames per second, scientists can analyze atmospheric phenomena like never before, providing crucial data that help improve weather forecasting and power grid safety.
Overall, our ability to observe atmospheric phenomena from space is growing. Understanding TLEs and the processes behind them could lead to better disaster preparedness and safety in aviation and communications. It’s a fascinating time for atmospheric research, and we’re just beginning to tap into the secrets of our skies.
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