A recent study published in JAMA Cardiology highlights how lifestyle changes can significantly lower the rates of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients who undergo catheter ablation. Atrial fibrillation is becoming more common, often linked to other heart problems like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and sleep apnea. These factors can worsen AF and make treatments less effective.
Catheter ablation, a procedure that helps treat AF, has shown good results, particularly for patients with heart failure. A study called ARREST-RF followed patients who received ablation from 2014 to 2017. It randomly assigned patients to two groups: one focusing on aggressive lifestyle and risk factor modifications (LRFM) and another that just received basic health guidance.
The LRFM group had regular check-ins with healthcare providers and was encouraged to manage their weight and blood pressure closely. In comparison, the usual care group received limited instructions without active support.
After 12 months, the LRFM group performed better. About 61% were free from AF symptoms, versus just 40% in the usual care group. They also reported fewer symptoms related to AF, with lower frequency and severity. Interestingly, the LRFM group experienced better control over weight and blood pressure, showing that lifestyle changes can have a real impact on heart health.
Yet, there were some challenges. 10 patients in the LRFM group and 16 in the usual care group needed repeat ablations. Although there were no serious adverse events in either group, some complications did arise.
This study sheds light on the importance of addressing lifestyle factors alongside medical treatments. For long-term success, experts emphasize focusing on the root causes of AF, not just the symptoms.
As AF continues to rise, exploring comprehensive approaches combining medical interventions and lifestyle changes is crucial. Future research should aim to validate these findings across diverse populations and healthcare systems to understand the best strategies for managing AF.
For further details, check out the original study in JAMA Cardiology here.
References
- Pathak RK, Elliott AD, Lau DH, et al. Aggressive risk factor reduction study for atrial fibrillation implications for ablation outcomes: the ARREST-AF randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. Published online October 29, 2025.
- Oraii A, McIntyre WF, Parkash R, et al. Atrial fibrillation ablation in heart failure with reduced vs preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiol. 2024.
