Oscar-winning actor Diane Keaton passed away from pneumonia at the age of 79. Her family shared this news, emphasizing their gratitude for the support they received during this time. While the specific health issues she faced before her passing remain unclear, pneumonia can be particularly serious for older adults and those with weakened immune systems.
### What is Pneumonia?
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. This inflammation causes the sacs to fill with fluid or pus, leading to symptoms like a cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. The severity of pneumonia can range from mild to life-threatening, especially in vulnerable populations, such as the elderly or those with preexisting health conditions.
### Causes of Pneumonia
Pneumonia can be triggered by various pathogens, primarily bacteria and viruses. Dr. Ben Singer, a pulmonologist from Northwestern Medicine, points out that most cases stem from respiratory viruses, such as those causing colds and flu. In fact, “walking pneumonia,” a milder form caused by bacteria, also exists.
It’s important to understand that pneumonia can develop in hospital settings too. This type, known as hospital-acquired pneumonia, can be more severe due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in healthcare environments. Vulnerable patients, especially those on breathing machines, are at higher risk. For instance, early Covid-19 variants often resulted in pneumonia-related deaths, as noted by health experts.
### Recognizing Pneumonia Symptoms
Symptoms of pneumonia can start mildly but may worsen over time. Common signs include:
– Chest pain when breathing or coughing
– Confusion or mental changes, especially in older adults
– A persistent cough that may produce phlegm
– Fatigue and shortness of breath
– Fever, chills, and sweating
Some patients may also become nauseous or experience diarrhea. Complications can arise, including sepsis (a severe body-wide response to infection) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
### Why Pneumonia Can Be Deadly
Pneumonia poses significant risks, especially for the very young and elderly. Dr. Singer emphasizes that even people without preexisting conditions can become seriously ill from pneumonia. The infection can lead to sepsis or ARDS, which develops rapidly and can become life-threatening within hours. Dr. Humberto Choi from the Cleveland Clinic also mentions that decreased oxygen levels can become critical very quickly, sometimes seemingly out of nowhere.
### Prevention and Treatment
Keeping hands clean and maintaining a healthy immune system are key for preventing pneumonia. Vaccines are available to protect against some bacterial and viral strains. In 2024, the CDC recommended expanding pneumococcal vaccination to individuals aged 50 and above, highlighting the importance of vaccination for older adults and those with health issues.
While vaccines do not offer complete protection against all forms of pneumonia, they significantly reduce the risk of severe illness. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate vaccinations and boosters based on individual health needs.
Pneumonia remains a serious health threat, particularly for vulnerable populations. Understanding its risks, symptoms, and preventative measures can help manage this potentially deadly infection.
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