Understanding the High Costs of Food Production in Cuba: Import vs. Local Farming – Insights from Havana Times

Cuba’s Food Production Struggles: A Snapshot of Challenges and Insights

Havana’s Prime Minister Manuel Marrero recently highlighted a pressing issue: Cuba’s food production is in crisis. “We need food, especially proteins,” he said, acknowledging that eight out of nine essential food items are imported. Just a month before, he stated that all of these products came from abroad. This shift in numbers shows a glimmer of hope, yet it underscores the ongoing challenges.

In a meeting with food industry officials, Marrero called for the agricultural sector to ramp up local production, emphasizing that “the safest food comes from national production.” However, he recognized the high costs linked to local food preparation, citing various distortions in the system.

A recent article from the Sancti Spíritus newspaper, Escambray, sheds light on one area where local production is thriving: shrimp. Unlike other products, shrimp production is robust, although it’s a mixed bag. While production has fallen by 82% in five years—from 7,200 tons in 2018 to only 1,200 tons in 2023—what is produced is largely exported or sold to those who can pay in dollars.

Romny González Álvarez, a local fisheries director, shared that about 300 tons are expected for export and sales this year. This shrimp is primarily aimed at international markets, particularly in Europe and Asia, raising questions about whether Cuban citizens will benefit from this local seafood treasure.

Meanwhile, the Prime Minister’s comments are part of a broader conversation about food shortages. In 2023, Cuba’s lobster and shrimp exports brought in around $62 million, which is notable given the limited catch. This income helps, but many are left to wonder about sustainability. In contrast, statistics from recent surveys highlight that 74% of Cuba’s imports, totaling over $586 million, are food items—mainly chicken from the U.S.

The situation is complex. In trying to boost local production, Marrero mentioned the government’s efforts to reduce obstacles for fishermen. However, there’s been little tangible change since private fishing was liberalized back in 2014. The numbers don’t lie: the fishing industry is down by 50% in some areas, and previous targets for exports have not been met.

While local companies make ambitious plans, such as increasing meat availability to 17.4 kilograms per month for each consumer next year, many are skeptical. Given last year’s economic hardships, it’s hard to envision such goals as achievable.

Interestingly, despite the bleak outlook, some officials remain optimistic. They project slight growth in profits and contributions to the state, without providing clear reasoning for this optimism.

User reactions on social media show frustration among everyday Cubans struggling with rising costs and a lack of basic foods. The disconnect between government plans and people’s realities cannot be ignored.

In summary, while there are efforts to enhance food production in Cuba, numerous challenges lie ahead—from costs to market access and historical practices. The country’s dependence on imports continues to dominate, pressing the need for sustainable solutions to ensure food security for all Cubans.

For more insights into Cuba’s economy and challenges, you can explore reports from Cuba Trade.

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