The Pacific region is currently facing the challenges of typhoon season, with Typhoon Kajiki causing significant disruptions in Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Typhoons, known as hurricanes or cyclones in other parts of the world, bring strong winds and heavy rain.
In Singapore, typhoons are rare due to its location near the Equator. Dr. Dhrubajyoti Samanta from the NTU Earth Observatory explains that the Coriolis force, which helps form these storms, is too weak near the Equator. However, an exception occurred in December 2001 when Typhoon Vamei formed just 160 km north of Singapore. It unleashed a staggering amount of rain in a single day, leading to flight delays and underscoring Singapore’s vulnerability.
Professor Adam Switzer from the same observatory said Vamei served as a warning that low risk does not mean no risk at all. While typhoons are natural phenomena, climate change is exacerbating their severity. Warmer oceans serve as fuel, intensifying these storms.
Research from 2022 showed a 13% decline in the annual number of tropical cyclones globally during the 20th century. Yet, the unusual cluster of six consecutive typhoons in late 2024 indicates a complex relationship with climate change.
Professor Ralf Toumi from Imperial College London noted that the atmospheric dynamics created conditions for these storms but weren’t directly linked to climate change. The disastrous outcomes included over 170 fatalities and 1.4 million people displaced.
Understanding typhoon pathways has improved, but predicting rapid intensification remains difficult. Hurricane Otis in October 2023, for example, intensified unexpectedly just before reaching Mexico, highlighting gaps in forecasting. The eye wall, which contains the storm’s strongest winds, poses a challenge for existing weather models.
Dr. Samanta pointed out that while the causal connection between climate change and these storms can be convoluted, factors like warm ocean temperatures can influence their development. He also noted the expanded marine heatwaves in the South-west Pacific, indicating significant changes in ocean conditions.
In Vietnam, Typhoon Kajiki caused fatalities, damaged homes, and flooded vast areas of farmland. The Philippines, often hit by around 20 typhoons annually due to its position in the Pacific Typhoon Belt, faces similar challenges.
Prof. Toumi emphasized that recovery infrastructure must improve to not only rebuild but also ensure future resilience against such weather events. Forecasting tools need enhancement for better rainfall predictions, especially in complex terrains. This multifaceted approach is essential for preparing for future storms and minimizing damage.
For deeper insights into the impact of climate change on severe weather, you might find resources from the World Meteorological Organization useful.
