Unlocking Longevity: How Genetic Discoveries in Naked Mole Rats Shed Light on Aging

Four small changes to an enzyme help explain why naked mole rats can live for nearly 30 years, which is remarkable for their size.

Naked mole rats, found in the Horn of Africa and parts of Kenya, have piqued the interest of scientists. Their genetic structure is closer to humans than to mice, making them a valuable model for studying aging and longevity.

A recent study published in Science shows that modifications to the enzyme cGAS (cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase) improve the naked mole rat’s ability to repair genetic damage. In humans and mice, this enzyme can hinder DNA repair.

What Drives Aging?

A major factor in aging is the buildup of genetic mutations and DNA damage during cell division. Homologous recombination (HR) plays a key role in repairing DNA, and problems in this process can lead to early aging and cancer. In humans and mice, cGAS is often pulled away from damaged DNA by another protein, which disrupts repair efforts.

Zhiyong Mao, a molecular biologist from Tongji University in Shanghai, led a study looking into this in naked mole rats. The researchers discovered that four specific changes in the cGAS enzyme help it remain active longer after DNA damage, allowing it to better connect with other repair proteins in the cell.

The Impact of Enzyme Modification

When scientists used CRISPR-Cas9 to remove cGAS from the mole rat cells, they saw an increase in DNA damage. Interestingly, when they engineered fruit flies to carry the modified version of human cGAS, these flies lived longer compared to those with the standard human enzyme.

This research has broader implications. A study published in the Journal of Gerontology found that genetic factors can contribute to longevity. The naked mole rat’s unique traits might offer clues for developing therapies that could enhance DNA repair in humans.

By understanding these mechanisms, researchers hope to unlock secrets to extend human lifespan and improve health in old age. Naked mole rats are proving to be more than just odd creatures—they may hold the keys to a healthier future.

Source link

Ageing,Cancer,Diseases,Science,Humanities and Social Sciences,multidisciplinary