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What is Functional Genomics?
Functional genomics focuses on understanding biology by manipulating genes.
Dr. Benjamin Haley from the University of Montreal describes it as using targeted genetic changes to uncover how genes influence traits, especially in diseases. This method allows scientists to connect genetic variations with observable traits, helping to identify important genes related to various conditions.
Functional genomics has evolved significantly. It began with techniques like DNA expression screens and RNA interference, and now includes advanced methods like CRISPR. The latest advancements let researchers perform large-scale gene manipulations and analyze many variables quickly, providing deeper insights.
Why is Functional Genomics Important for Drug Discovery?
This field acts like a fast track in drug discovery, pinpointing specific genes to target.
It’s particularly helpful in complex diseases such as cancer. Researchers analyze gene activity in tumors to find potential drug targets, often discovering specific genes that can be targeted to stop cancer cell growth.
Innovative CRISPR techniques, like base and prime editing, help scientists deeply explore protein structures. This approach can reveal new options for targeting therapies much more precisely.
For example, researchers have used CRISPR to map cancer drug resistance, identifying key proteins that help cancer cells survive treatment. This knowledge can lead to better ways to overcome drug resistance.
What Are the Challenges?
A major challenge is applying these techniques in more complex systems, such as organoids or living organisms.
As research becomes more intricate, the need for more refined screening technologies grows. Haley suggests that while CRISPR is a leading method now, there’s still much to learn about its best uses.
At the upcoming Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening 2025 conference, Haley will discuss the potential of using a tool called Cas12a. This tool could enhance studies at the single-cell level and help researchers disrupt multiple genes at once, offering greater insight into gene interactions.
