Many families in India have experienced the devastating loss of a young relative to heart disease. Cardiologists often share stories of young patients who suffer sudden heart attacks, leaving experts puzzled about the lack of typical risk factors. This brings up a critical question: Is the risk genetic or tied to lifestyle choices?
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a severe public health issue in India. The country contributes significantly to global heart disease deaths, with a staggering portion of these occurring in young adults. This epidemic has broad effects: it not only takes lives but also impacts the economy. Premature deaths lead to substantial losses in productivity.
Many factors contribute to the rising rates of heart disease, and while genetics plays a role, lifestyle choices are also significant. For instance, dietary habits in India often include high levels of refined carbohydrates, sugar, and unhealthy fats. Unfortunately, fruits and vegetables are not consumed in adequate amounts. These eating patterns contribute to obesity and diabetes, even in younger generations.
Air pollution compounds this issue. Indian cities experience pollution levels that are more than three times higher than the global average, increasing the risk of heart problems. Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle is prevalent due to unsafe walking conditions in urban areas. Long working hours and stress also exacerbate the situation. Thus, while genetics may set the stage, lifestyle often pulls the trigger for heart disease.
As we approach our thirties, it’s crucial to monitor our health. Regular checks for blood pressure and blood sugar should become routine. A few lifestyle changes can make a significant difference. Reducing portion sizes and cutting down on refined sugar are excellent first steps. Incorporating at least 30 minutes of brisk walking can be beneficial, too. Identifying and managing risk factors early on can help prevent serious complications later.
Another critical conversation revolves around COVID-19. While some worry that the virus or its vaccines might lead to an increase in sudden deaths, research suggests that the opposite is true. Viral infections can heighten the risk of heart attacks, but vaccines provide essential protection, particularly for vulnerable populations.
In India, the statistics are alarming, with around 600,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occurring each year. Unfortunately, many people do not receive timely help due to a lack of CPR training and limited access to emergency equipment like defibrillators.
Policy changes are vital to address these challenges. More research needs to be conducted on heart diseases specifically within the Indian context. Without proper understanding, prevention and treatment efforts may miss the mark.
Strengthening regulations around trans fats and promoting healthier diets and physical activity should be a priority. Comprehensive CPR training and the widespread availability of defibrillators are essential for improving emergency response.
Investment in local research is crucial to ensure that health guidelines reflect the realities faced by Indians. Adopting proactive measures now can save millions of lives in the future. A concerted effort is needed from both policymakers and individuals to tackle this growing health crisis.
The message is clear: we must act decisively to prevent heart disease from robbing our young lives and shaping our future.
Dr. Dorairaj is the president-elect of the World Heart Federation and the executive director of the Centre for Chronic Disease Control in India.
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