Unlocking the Cosmos: Scientists Create ‘Super Alcohol’ Thought to Exist in Deep Space

Scientists have recently made a fascinating discovery by recreating conditions found in deep space. They produced a unique molecule called methanetetrol, or C(OH)₄. Often described as a “super alcohol,” it’s a complicated and unstable molecule with four hydroxyl groups (OH) attached to a single carbon atom. Although theorized over a century ago, this is the first time it has been seen.

To make methanetetrol, an international team of researchers set up a lab experiment that mimics the extreme conditions in space. They created artificial ice by freezing carbon dioxide and water at ultra-cold temperatures in a vacuum. By blasting this ice with high-energy radiation—similar to cosmic rays from stars—they triggered a reaction that led to the formation of this remarkable molecule.

The researchers noted, “The detection of methanetetrol in space-simulation experiments shows that the interstellar medium has unexpected chemistry that needs further investigation.” This discovery sparks curiosity about the chemical reactions occurring in the icy and dusty regions between stars.

If methanetetrol can form in this way, it raises the question of what other mysterious molecules might exist in the cosmos. The study could also shed light on how life forms might develop elsewhere in the universe.

The researchers pointed out the significance of this molecule, stating that its lack of detection on Earth highlights the unique chemistry that exists in space. A key next step is to search for methanetetrol in its natural environment since it’s too unstable to exist here. This task won’t be easy, as the molecule breaks apart when exposed to light—making it a fleeting presence.

Interestingly, just last year, the same research team discovered another complex molecule called methanetriol. This trend suggests that the chemistry in space is profoundly different from what we see on Earth. Estimates indicate that we’ve uncovered only about 1% of the chemicals present in space, meaning there’s so much more to learn.

Chemist Ralf Kaiser from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa emphasized the importance of this research, stating that it expands our understanding of cosmic chemistry. As scientists develop better techniques and telescope technology, we’ll continue to unveil the mysteries beyond our planet.

The findings from this research have been published in Nature Communications, solidifying their contribution to our knowledge of space chemistry.

For more detailed insights into this groundbreaking study, you can explore it further in the original publication here.

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