Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to play a big role in tackling the climate crisis. However, it also has significant energy and water needs, which could create new environmental challenges. Martin Krause, a senior official with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), recently shared these insights.
In an interview, Krause discussed the dual nature of AI. It can be a great tool for climate solutions but also poses risks if not managed well. For example, AI can enhance weather forecasting, integrate renewable energy into power grids, and help track emissions using satellites. These applications could significantly aid in combating climate change.
Yet, there’s a catch. Large data centers, which are essential for AI functions, consume a lot of energy and water. Krause pointed out that it’s vital to use renewable energy sources to power these centers. If we rely on fossil fuels, we could end up increasing greenhouse gas emissions rather than reducing them.
These conversations come at a crucial time. The India AI Impact Summit, held in February 2023, highlighted the importance of responsible AI development in governance and sustainability. António Guterres, the UN Secretary-General, raised concerns about vulnerable communities facing the burden of AI’s rising energy and water needs. He emphasized the need for data centers to transition to clean energy, rather than passing environmental costs onto those least able to bear them.
Recent studies show that the energy demands of AI technologies are expected to triple by 2030. As AI continues to evolve, the debate about its environmental impact is increasingly common in global policy discussions. In December 2025, the UN adopted its first resolution on sustainable AI, urging nations to explore its benefits while minimizing ecological harm.
In the end, while AI can be a game changer for climate issues, careful planning is essential. Balancing its benefits with sustainable practices will be key to ensuring that we do not harm the planet in the process.
For more details on the environmental impact of AI, you can visit the UNEP’s official site here.
