Humans are spending more time in space, but when it comes to sexual health, we have a lot to learn. Scientists call this area a “policy blind spot.” As we move towards more frequent space missions, this issue deserves our attention.
Long durations in space can harm our bodies. Cosmic radiation is a major concern. Microgravity also affects our natural rhythms. While we know a lot about these physical challenges, reproductive health has not been a priority.
In a recent study led by Giles Palmer from the University of Leeds, nine researchers pointed out the gap in knowledge about how space affects human reproduction. Despite over 65 years of human spaceflight, the impact of space on our reproductive systems remains largely unknown.
Research shows that radiation in space can be problematic. Cosmic rays can alter DNA, leading to serious health risks. If these changes happen in sperm or egg cells, it could affect embryo development. While animal studies link radiation to menstrual cycle disruptions and increased cancer risks, human research remains scarce.
One study suggests that doses over 250 mGy could impact sperm formation, though this might be reversible. Another raises concerns about prolonged missions affecting hormones that control reproduction.
As we launch more rockets than ever—thanks to advancements and investments in space—regulations around sexual health in space are unclear. NASA’s astronauts cannot fly if they are pregnant, and strict radiation limits exist. However, commercial spaceflight may not enforce the same policies.
For example, NASA sets the radiation limit for astronauts in low Earth orbit at 50 mSv annually. This limit is lower for women, pointing to a potential gender disparity in health risks. Yet, experts argue that such regulations might also reflect discrimination.
Palmer’s team is particularly worried about the absence of regulations in commercial space travel. They question whether companies should monitor pregnancy or inform travelers about risks to reproductive health.
Fathi Karouia, a NASA research scientist involved in the study, emphasizes the need for international collaboration. Without a clear understanding of how space affects reproductive health, we cannot adequately inform astronauts or space tourists about the risks involved.
The findings highlight a significant gap in our knowledge as we push for a sustained human presence in space. For more insights on human health in space, explore Reproductive Biomedicine Online.
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