Unveiling a Rare Venom-Spraying Scorpion: A Fascinating Discovery in Colombia

A scientist has identified a new species of scorpion in South America that can spray its venom. This behavior has only been seen in a couple of scorpion families from North America and Africa before.

Scorpions have over 2,500 known species worldwide. They rely on their venom to catch prey and protect themselves from threats. Their venom is stored in a bulb at the end of their tails, which has a stinger called an aculeus to inject toxins when needed.

The newly discovered species, named Tityus achilles, was found in the Magdalena rainforest region of Colombia. The findings of this research were published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.

According to the researcher, Léo Laborieux, most scorpions may have the capacity to spray venom but often do not. He emphasized that the ability to spray venom might come from a strong evolutionary pressure that favors this survival strategy.

Spraying venom is a less risky way for scorpions to defend themselves compared to direct stinging. While direct injection is effective, it puts them at risk of a counterattack. Spraying allows them to deter predators without making contact, although it may be less targeted.

Interestingly, Tityus achilles is both venomous and poisonous. It can use venom for both injections and sprays. The toxins from the spray are most effective when they reach sensitive tissues, suggesting that the scorpion primarily targets vertebrate predators.

In laboratory tests, Laborieux found that the scorpions could spray their venom up to 14 inches (36 centimeters). The scorpions showed different reactions when provoked, sometimes flicking droplets or issuing a sustained spray.

Most of the venom emitted appeared clear, indicating that it was pre-venom—a less potent substance used before the actual venom, which is thicker and more complex. This pre-venom provides immediate defense while conserving the more potent venom for subduing prey.

Overall, the discovery of Tityus achilles adds valuable insight into how scorpions adapt their defense mechanisms in response to their environment. It highlights an intriguing aspect of their behavior and biology that continues to surprise researchers.

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