Unveiling History: How Quilts Played a Pivotal Role in the Underground Railroad – A Juneteenth Celebration

For Edith Edmunds, 99, quilting is more than a hobby; it connects her to a rich history of resilience and freedom. She learned to sew at just seven years old, using scraps on a pedal-powered machine. However, it wasn’t until decades later that she discovered the significance behind quilt patterns—how they served as secret codes for escaped enslaved people on the Underground Railroad.

Edmunds recalls reading about these quilt patterns in a magazine. One of the first she learned was called the “monkey wrench.” It signified readiness for a journey, a vital message for those contemplating escape. Her passion for quilting has flourished, and she has mastered various traditional codes that guided people to safety, like the “north star,” indicating the direction to freedom, or the “shoofly,” hinting at a temporary shelter.

On Juneteenth, Edmunds reflects on her ancestors’ struggles. Both her grandfathers were born into slavery and, as she stitches, she imagines their lives. This day celebrates the moment in 1865 when enslaved people in Texas learned they were free, creating an essential link to the past.

Despite her deep connection to this history, some scholars are skeptical about the actual use of quilts as codes. Tracy Vaughn-Manley, a Black Studies professor, argues there’s little evidence to support this idea, citing a lack of documentation. However, others, like Mary Twining-Baird, defend the concept, noting the oral traditions and cultural connection that might have led to the use of quilts for communication.

Statistics show that interest in Juneteenth has surged, especially after President Biden declared it a national holiday in 2021. This recognition provides a platform to teach about the history of slavery and advocacy for freedom.

Edmunds appreciates the conversations surrounding Juneteenth and stresses the importance of educating younger generations about their history. As societies grapple with how to discuss their past, she remains committed to sharing her family’s legacy and the courage of those who fought for freedom. Through quilting, she not only honors their memory but also inspires future generations to understand the significance of resilience and freedom.

For further reading on the history and significance of quilts in the context of the Underground Railroad, you can explore “Hidden in Plain View” by Jacqueline L. Tobin and Raymond G. Dobard. This book delves into the coded quilt patterns used by runaway enslaved individuals, adding depth to our understanding of a crucial part of American history.



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