India has made impressive strides in solar energy, now ranking as the world’s third-largest producer. Solar panels dot the landscape, from massive solar parks to rooftops in cities and villages. This surge has helped reduce the country’s reliance on coal; solar now accounts for over 20% of energy generation. Despite these gains, a pressing issue looms: what to do with the rising amount of solar waste.
Solar panels typically last around 25 years. After that, if not properly recycled, they can pose environmental risks. They’re made mostly of recyclable materials like glass and aluminum, but they also contain small amounts of toxic metals, such as lead and cadmium. Mishandling these materials can lead to soil and water pollution.
Currently, India faces a gap in solar waste management. A study predicts that by 2023, around 100,000 tonnes of solar waste will be generated, with estimates rising to 600,000 tonnes by 2030. Experts warn that the bulk of this waste is yet to come, and without immediate action, India could face an escalating crisis.
By 2047, projections suggest India could produce over 11 million tonnes of solar waste, requiring substantial investment—nearly $478 million and approximately 300 dedicated recycling facilities. Rohit Pahwa, an expert in the field, emphasizes that the real challenge will emerge in the next decade as many panels installed during the solar boom reach their end of life.
Globally, India mirrors trends seen in the U.S. and China regarding solar waste. In the U.S., recycling is often guided by state policies, while China is still building its framework. India recently included solar panels in its e-waste regulations, making manufacturers accountable for collection and recycling. However, enforcement remains inconsistent, especially for smaller panels that make up 5-10% of installations.
Damaged panels often find their way into landfills, where unauthorized methods can release harmful materials. Environment expert Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka warns that without a solid plan for recycling, the clean energy movement may create more long-term harm.
On a positive note, increasing waste also opens new market opportunities. Proper recycling practices could recover valuable materials and minimize carbon emissions. As more solar waste accumulates, companies specializing in recycling will likely emerge, transforming an environmental challenge into an economic opportunity.
India must act swiftly to create an efficient recycling system. This includes educating households about proper disposal and integrating waste management into the solar industry. As Akansha Tyagi points out, metals like silicon and silver are recoverable and could support the creation of new solar panels.
In summary, the growth of solar energy in India is commendable, but it comes with the responsibility of managing its waste. Balancing clean energy goals with effective recycling solutions is essential for a sustainable future. The next decade will be crucial in shaping this landscape, as India tries to ensure that its solar promise doesn’t become a burden.
Source link
