A routine lift installation at the Chapel Royal of St Peter ad Vincula has sparked an incredible archaeological dig at the Tower of London—the largest in over 40 years. This unexpected discovery is unearthing layers of history, shedding light on the everyday lives of the people who worshipped and lived near royal power.
The Tower of London is often tied to grim events like executions and political intrigue. However, it also served as a community hub and a space for worship. Until recently, much of this aspect remained hidden. With new excavations, the forgotten parishioners buried in the chapel grounds are now coming to light.
Unearthing Medieval Foundations
Led by Historic Royal Palaces and Pre-Construct Archaeology, the dig has delved more than two meters beneath the chapel floor, reaching layers untouched since the 12th century. Recent findings revealed that the existing Tudor chapel, built in 1519-1520 under Henry VIII, sits atop four medieval structures, indicating a rich architectural history.
Among the discoveries, a layer of Reigate stone likely originates from a chapel constructed by Henry III in 1240. Below that, researchers found remnants of a 12th-century chapel dating back to Henry I. There was also evidence of the 1512 fire that destroyed an earlier chapel. This continuity hints that the chapel has stood on the same site for over 800 years.
They also found remnants of a Tudor wall from another previously undocumented building, suggesting that more religious or residential structures were once connected to the chapel.
Human Remains Tell Compelling Stories
One of the most striking finds was 22 articulated skeletons and bone fragments from the 13th to 16th centuries. According to National Geographic, the earliest graves contained rare grave goods, such as incense pots, pointing to burial customs not frequently found in medieval England.
Some burials appeared hasty, particularly a cluster from the 14th century, possibly linked to the initial wave of the Black Death in 1348. If confirmed, these individuals could be early victims of the plague, buried in hallowed grounds rather than external pits. This may indicate their higher status or that they died before burial protocols were established.
Contrastingly, other burials showed signs of care and social standing. One child’s coffin was discovered embedded within the 12th-century chapel’s earlier foundations, suggesting a privileged background. A woman’s remains found during a 2019 dig indicated high status, supported by isotopic analysis from Cardiff University revealing she had a sugar-rich diet—quite rare in that era.
Artifacts Unveiling Daily Life
The excavation has also revealed a variety of artifacts that provide insights into daily life at the Tower. Archaeologists recovered medieval stained glass, decorated tiles, and sewing needles, as well as more practical items like cannonballs and mortar linked to the Tower’s history as a fortress.
One extraordinary find was a burial shroud fragment from the 12th or 13th century, preserved by the unique soil conditions. Discoveries like these provide valuable insights into past funerary practices—items of this nature are seldom unearthed.
These revelations have transformed our understanding of the Tower’s complex history. Dr. Jane Sidell, a Principal Inspector of Ancient Monuments at Historic England, noted that this project not only enhances access for the public but also deepens our historical knowledge.
As excavations continue, we can expect more fascinating insights into the lives of those who once walked these grounds. This dig is not just about the past; it connects us to our shared history and reminds us of the ordinary lives hidden beneath the surface.
