A recent study has shed light on an incredible Milky Way attraction— a pulsar at the core of a stunning nebula. This pulsar is a neutron star, which means it’s the remnants of a huge star that exploded in a supernova. As it spins, it emits powerful streams of particles, almost like a cosmic lighthouse.
This unique nebula is called MSH 15-52, often referred to as the “hand of God” due to its eye-catching shape. It’s about 1,700 years old and located roughly 17,000 light-years away in the constellation Circinus. The hand stretches over 150 light-years, making it larger than the famous Crab Nebula.
Researchers have combined data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and radio maps from the Australia Telescope. This collaboration revealed intriguing differences between light wavelengths, suggesting there’s still much to learn about how the pulsar’s wind interacts with the remnants of the supernova. As noted by Dr. Fiona Harrison, a professor of astrophysics at Caltech, “Understanding these interactions can shed light on the origins of cosmic rays that might one day impact Earth.”
The pulsar itself is surprisingly small, about 12 miles wide, but it spins at an astonishing speed of seven times per second. For reference, that’s similar to how fast a CD spins in a Discman. Its magnetic field is immensely powerful—30 million times stronger than the strongest magnet ever created on Earth.
The new images reveal vibrant colors: gold shows hydrogen gas in visible light, red corresponds to radio waves, and blue and yellow represent X-rays. Where the radio waves and X-rays meet, they create purple “fingers” that form a bubble of glowing gas. These patterns hint at the collision of high-energy particles from the pulsar with debris from the earlier supernova.
Interestingly, while some bright X-ray features appear, they don’t show up in radio waves. This indicates that more energetic particles are at play. According to findings from the Chandra X-ray Observatory, “Highly energetic particles are leaking out from a shock wave—like a sonic boom—and following magnetic field lines to create these finger-like shapes.”
As science continues to explore this captivating celestial wonder, one thing is certain: MSH 15-52 offers a glimpse into the mysteries of the universe. With further study, perhaps we’ll unlock secrets that have fascinated astronomers for centuries.