Are you looking to improve your sleep, eat better, or spend less time on social media? Many people make plans for self-improvement at the start of the new year. This tradition of New Year’s resolutions goes back thousands of years. It’s as much a part of the holiday as the Times Square ball drop or toasting champagne at midnight.
The idea of taking stock and setting goals for the new year has deep roots. The term “resolution” came into English from Latin in the late 14th century, referring to a process of solving issues or making commitments. By the 19th century, it included intentions for the upcoming year.
Interestingly, the phrase “New Year’s resolutions” first appeared in a Boston newspaper in 1813. Even before then, people were jotting down promises for the new year, like Anne Halkett in 1671, who made Bible-inspired pledges. Historians trace the custom to ancient Babylon, where people celebrated with a festival called Akitu, making resolutions to return borrowed items and seek blessings for the harvest.
Alexis McCrossen, a history professor, highlights that the Romans were among the first to connect January 1 with resolutions. They offered gifts to Janus, the god associated with beginnings and transitions. McCrossen explains that it symbolized making promises—much like today’s resolutions.
Cultures around the world have viewed the new year as a time for reflection. For example, the medieval “Vow of the Peacock” involved knights renewing their commitments. By the 20th century, however, the practice of making resolutions became notably more secular and widespread in the U.S.
Before the 1900s, New Year’s didn’t hold much significance for Americans. It was often just another day, focused mainly on settling debts or hiring seasonal workers. But as the New Year gained importance, citizens began using the day to socialize and set intentions.
McCrossen notes that there are two main influences in the growing popularity of New Year’s resolutions: Watch Night church services, which encouraged self-reflection and goal-setting, and the arrival of German immigrants who celebrated New Year’s Eve with song and dance.
By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, public celebrations grew, making January 1 a festive occasion. As electric lights and the Times Square ball drop became more symbolic, the spirit of resolution became vibrant, too.
Interestingly, the type of resolutions people made has shifted over time. A 1947 Gallup poll revealed that common goals included improving character and financial savings. Today, emphasis has moved towards health and wellness, with resolutions like “get fit” or “take care of my health” dominating the list.
McCrossen suggests everyone should take time for reflections and resolutions, inspired by generations past. She believes January 1 can be a day to reconnect, not just with ourselves, but also with others through simple gestures like phone calls or notes. Resolutions don’t need to be limited to the New Year, as any day can be an opportunity for new beginnings.
As you consider your goals for the coming year, remember the long history behind them. Whether it’s a desire for better health, closer relationships, or personal growth, take a moment to reflect and commit—there’s a whole tradition behind you to inspire that journey.
