Why Are Colon Cancer Rates Rising Among Those Under 50? Exploring the Impact of Lifestyle Choices

Colorectal cancer is a significant health concern in the United States and its rates among younger people are rising. Between 2012 and 2021, diagnoses for early-onset colorectal cancer grew by 2.4% each year, according to the American Cancer Society. As more individuals under 50 face this diagnosis, questions about the reasons behind it are emerging.

Recent studies suggest that lifestyle choices might play a role in increasing the risk of colon cancer. For example, a preliminary study presented at the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology conference indicated a possible link between intense long-distance running and a higher risk of pre-cancerous polyps. However, experts urge caution, emphasizing that more research is needed to understand this potential connection.

So, what does colorectal cancer really involve? It mainly starts with abnormal growths known as polyps in the colon or rectum. According to Dr. William C. Chapman Jr., a colorectal surgeon, while many polyps remain benign, some can develop into cancer if not monitored. His colleague, Dr. Ernesto Llano, notes that larger or atypical polyps carry a higher risk of becoming cancerous. Typically, the most concerning polyps are adenomas, which have a defined potential to turn malignant.

Not all polyps require removal, but their presence signals a need for careful observation. “The more polyps you find, the greater the risk of cancer,” explains Llano. While some polyps are considered low-risk, newer research has begun to question the safety of previously regarded harmless polyps.

As for rising colorectal cancer rates, experts are puzzled. Dr. Chapman acknowledges that variations in screening among different age groups might contribute, but there’s more to the story. Not all early-onset cancers are linked to genetic factors, indicating that lifestyle may be a significant contributor. A recent report by the ACS suggests that factors like lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol use, and poor dietary choices could be responsible for up to 55% of colorectal cancer cases.

Awareness of symptoms is crucial. Symptoms of colorectal cancer can include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, blood in the stool, and changes in bowel habits. Unfortunately, these signs often appear late in the disease, underscoring the importance of regular screenings starting at age 45. For those with a family history, screenings may need to begin even earlier.

With colorectal cancer becoming increasingly relevant, understanding lifestyle choices and symptoms is more important than ever. As we seek to improve early detection and treatment outcomes, staying informed is vital.

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