Why Mozambique’s Gas Reserves Won’t Solve Africa’s Climate Change Crisis

The Mozambican government is pushing for offshore gas projects in Cabo Delgado, despite the region’s ongoing humanitarian crisis. These projects, backed by major fossil fuel companies from countries like France, Italy, and the U.S., have raised significant concerns about their impact on climate and local communities.

In July 2025, the International Court of Justice stated that countries must take action to prevent climate harm. This advisory opinion emphasized that ignoring this responsibility could lead to international legal repercussions. Vulnerable nations, like Mozambique, must face these challenges head-on while balancing their human rights commitments.

Currently, three gas projects led by TotalEnergies, ENI, and ExxonMobil are underway in Cabo Delgado. These projects could produce up to 10 gigatonnes of carbon emissions, compounding the global climate crisis.

Mozambique’s emissions are relatively low, but it is highly susceptible to climate impacts, including extreme weather. The country experienced devastating storms like Tropical Cyclone Freddy and Cyclone Idai, which caused massive economic losses and numerous displacements. The frequency of such events is expected to rise, straining Mozambique’s already vulnerable communities.

While these gas projects promise financial gain, the benefits will largely flow to wealthy nations. Mozambique risks locking itself into a high-carbon economy, potentially leading to $29 billion in liabilities if it attempts stronger climate action. This situation is worsened by a violent insurgency linked to the gas projects, which has displaced over a million people.

Local communities suffer the most as they face loss of homes and livelihoods. The gas discovered 15 years ago has not improved socio-economic conditions; instead, it has exacerbated issues.

To ensure a sustainable future, Africa should rethink its association with these fossil fuel projects. Financial support must focus on sustainable development driven by communities in Mozambique. Environmental justice and human rights must become the priority to protect future generations.

This perspective is supported by experts like Dr. Chris Engelbrecht, a physicist, and Rehana Dada, an activist focusing on environmental justice. Their work emphasizes the urgent need for responsible stewardship of Africa’s resources.

For further insights, you can read the International Court of Justice’s advisory opinion on climate obligations.

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