Why Obesity is More Than a Lifestyle Choice: Uncovering Its Role as a Ticking Time Bomb for Diabetes and Heart Disease

In his recent 119th episode of Mann Ki Baat, Prime Minister Narendra Modi raised a significant alarm about India’s obesity problem. He pointed out that obesity cases have doubled in just a few years, with children facing the greatest impact.

The Prime Minister’s discussion highlighted that obesity is not just an urban issue; it is spreading to rural areas and affecting schools as well. This silent health crisis is leading to serious complications, including diabetes, heart disease, and even cancer. A recent survey reveals that about 24% of women and nearly 23% of men in India are now classified as overweight or obese, marking a steep rise since 2015-16.

India is the global leader in diabetes, with around 101 million people affected. Cancer cases are also on the rise and are expected to increase from 1.46 million in 2022 to 1.57 million by 2025. Heart disease remains a top cause of death, often affecting Indians at a younger age than their counterparts in other countries. Dr. Sukriti Bhalla, a cardiologist, noted that heart attacks, which used to occur in people in their late 50s, are now striking as early as their 30s due to obesity.

Sadly, children are not spared from this alarming trend. The percentage of overweight children under five rose from 2.1% to 3.4% between 2015-16 and 2019-21. The World Obesity Atlas predicts even more concerning numbers for older children: by 2030, 10.81% of kids aged 5 to 9 and 6.23% of those aged 10 to 19 in India could be obese. Dr. Sunita Sharma from PSRI Hospital noted that children are eating more sugary snacks and spending more time in front of screens than engaging in play or consuming nutritious food. School canteens often offer unhealthy options, while parents may overlook signs of weight gain amid their busy lives.

Interestingly, obesity is also affecting low-income groups. Many families in rural areas depend on subsidized staples like rice and wheat, which often lack essential nutrients. A study found that over half of India’s rural population now buys packaged foods regularly. Dr. Sandeep Kharb pointed out that while carbohydrates are cheap, nutritious food can be expensive and out of reach for many. This can lead to diets low in vital nutrients.

In urban areas, the problem is equally serious. Dr. Neeraj Rayate from Jupiter Hospital noted a marked increase in obesity rates, fueled by a combination of processed foods, pollution, and sedentary lifestyles. This has led to related health problems, with many individuals experiencing conditions like acid reflux.

Emerging studies suggest that junk food consumption may even impact brain health, disrupting important signals that regulate appetite and metabolism. According to Dr. Praveen Gupta, these disruptions can create a cycle of overeating, making it harder to lose weight.

Experts agree that tackling the obesity crisis will require a multi-layered approach. This includes raising awareness, implementing policies to make healthy foods accessible, and encouraging physical activity among all age groups. If not addressed, the rising obesity trend in India could lead to serious health challenges and increased pressure on the healthcare system.