Why the New Licensing Framework Fails to Address the Climate Crisis: An In-Depth Analysis

In Brazil, a new law called Bill 2,159/2021 aims to change how environmental licenses are granted, but it hasn’t even mentioned climate change. This is surprising and concerning, especially given the global focus on climate issues. Supporters, mainly from industries like agribusiness and mining, claim the bill will modernize processes. However, many experts see it as a step backward. Instead of addressing the urgent climate crisis, it could worsen environmental problems, which is especially troubling for a country with vast and diverse ecosystems.

Suely Araújo, a former president at the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, speaks out against this oversight. “It’s alarming that climate isn’t part of such a crucial law for protecting our environment,” she says. “This approach feels outdated.”

The Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science (SBPC) is also vocal about their concerns. They’ve gathered support from over 160 organizations, including environmental groups and traditional communities. They warn that the bill weakens safeguards against harmful projects and undermines scientific assessments essential for environmental protection.

Recent studies show that four of Brazil’s major ecosystems—like the Amazon and the Cerrado—are at risk of irreversible damage. “If we cross certain limits, we could lose critical services provided by these ecosystems,” scientists warn. They call for urgent actions to protect these areas, contrasting sharply with the bill’s deregulation focus.

Furthermore, this legislation would weaken existing protections like the Atlantic Forest Law, which guards a region already suffering from severe deforestation. The bill’s approval could undermine Brazil’s credibility in international climate discussions, especially with the upcoming COP30 meeting in November.

Critics point to concerning aspects of the bill. For instance, many agricultural activities would no longer require environmental approval, even if they had significant ecological impacts. Medium-sized projects could gain automatic approval based only on self-reported information. This lack of oversight raises red flags.

In Brazil, where environmental protections are vital, this law could hinder efforts to defend forests and support Indigenous and Quilombola communities facing challenges from development projects.

The bill also neglects vital input from agencies focused on Indigenous affairs and biodiversity. It disconnects licensing from crucial water use rights, even as many regions face severe water shortages. Communities that depend on natural resources could be left out of the conversation entirely.

Researchers like Júlia Benfica Senra emphasize that these measures could further strain local authorities, which often lack the resources or expertise to evaluate environmental impacts effectively. “Instead of improving the system, this bill actually lowers standards,” Senra argues.

This ongoing debate reflects a broader tension in Brazil: the struggle between economic interests and environmental sustainability. As conversations continue, the need for an approach that respects both nature and community voices becomes ever more critical. For more information on Brazil’s environmental challenges and policies, check out this report by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources.

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