Why the Term ‘Ultra-Processed Food’ Isn’t As Helpful As You Think: Understanding Its Real Impact on Your Health

In recent times, a big conversation has emerged about the rise of diabetes and obesity in the United States. Many believe it’s largely due to ultra-processed foods, which are everywhere in our diets. However, not everyone understands what “ultra-processed” really means.

State leaders and health officials are starting to act against these foods, but there’s no clear definition of what ultra-processed foods are. This term can include snacks like chips, breakfast cereals, and even nutrition smoothies. While these foods have made eating easier and affordable for many families, their health implications remain unclear. Some argue that these foods pose serious health risks beyond their basic nutritional content.

In January 2025, California’s Governor Gavin Newsom stated that ultra-processed foods are a health risk. Similarly, former FDA Commissioner Robert Califf raised concerns in a congressional hearing, labeling these foods as “probably addictive.” He emphasized that our changing food supply, filled with heavily processed products, is harming public health.

Lawsuits are now being filed against manufacturers of ultra-processed foods, claiming that these products lead to serious health issues like obesity and diabetes. Plaintiffs argue it’s not just the calories or unhealthy ingredients that matter, but the very nature of being ultra-processed that makes these foods harmful.

So, what exactly is an ultra-processed food? The NOVA food classification system, introduced by nutritionist Carlos Monteiro, categorizes foods based on how much they have been processed. It includes:

• Minimally processed foods (like fresh fruits and vegetables)
• Processed culinary ingredients (such as sugar and oils)
• Processed foods (like cheese or sausages)
• Ultra-processed foods (e.g., sugary drinks, instant noodles)

Often, ultra-processed foods have many ingredients, including additives that change their taste and shelf life. They’re typically mass-produced in factories. This wide definition means that a lot of the food we consume, especially in wealthier nations, falls into this category. Some estimates suggest that around 73% of the U.S. food supply is ultra-processed, with an even higher percentage in children’s diets.

This broad classification makes it hard to pin down specific health risks tied to ultra-processed foods. Most studies focus on unhealthy options like snacks and sweets, but not all ultra-processed foods are unhealthy. Popular items such as bread and veggie products also fit this category. As more research is conducted, some officials are hesitant to create new regulations until we fully understand what ultra-processed means.

Some states, like Utah, are taking a different approach by looking closely at particular ingredients in foods rather than labeling the entire ultra-processed category as dangerous. This could lead to clearer guidelines and more effective regulations. For instance, Utah’s recent legislation targets foods containing specific harmful additives.

As research into ultra-processed foods continues to grow, it is crucial to not lose sight of the individual ingredients that could be impacting health. Understanding these risks is essential, especially when considering how food processing helps with safety, prices, and reducing waste.

Striking a balance between health, safety, and eating choices is important. By focusing on specific harmful ingredients instead of broadly classifying foods, we can better address the health concerns linked to our modern diets.

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