Unveiling the Secrets of Global Mega-Tsunamis: How Satellite Data Exposed 9 Days of Earthquake-Induced Chaos

Scientists recently observed an unusual seismic event that lasted nine days in September 2023. This phenomenon was caused by two massive waves—known as “mega-tsunamis”—in East Greenland’s Dickson Fjord. One of these waves reached a staggering height of 650 feet, about half the height of the Empire State Building. The seismic activity sent shockwaves through the Earth’s crust.

Initially, the source of these waves puzzled scientists. However, they traced the cause to landslides triggered by the melting of a glacier in the fjord, a consequence of climate change. This led to the formation of seiches, which are oscillating waves in confined bodies of water. Although direct evidence of these waves was lacking at first, new satellite technology has now confirmed their presence.

The breakthrough came from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite, launched in December 2022 as a partnership between NASA and France’s CNES. This satellite employs advanced radar technology to measure water levels with incredible precision. According to lead author Thomas Monahan from the University of Oxford, “Climate change is giving rise to new, unseen extremes,” and this study demonstrates how satellite technology can enhance our understanding of such events in remote regions.

Using SWOT’s observations, scientists were able to assess the changes in water height in the fjord, confirming the presence of the seiches. The satellite’s Ka-band Radar Interferometer measures water levels with a resolution of up to 8.2 feet along a 30-mile arc, helping to reveal dynamic shifts that previous satellite methods could not capture effectively.

This research highlights the growing utility of satellite data in studying oceanic extremes. As noted by co-author Thomas Adcock, advancements in machine learning and ocean physics will be crucial for interpreting the vast amounts of data being gathered. The insights gained could improve our understanding of various ocean phenomena, including tsunamis, storm surges, and rare waves.

With climate change accelerating, knowing how such extreme events unfold can better inform communities and governments about potential risks. For example, scientists estimate that coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable, with rising sea levels and more frequent storms becoming the norm.

This significant event showcases how technology continues to evolve, enabling us to explore and understand our planet in new ways.



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