Unlocking Zero Temperature Mysteries: How Quantum Computers Simulate Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

A significant milestone in quantum computing has been reached with a recent experiment simulating spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) at zero temperature. Scientists achieved this using a superconducting quantum processor, showing more than 80% fidelity.

In this study, published in Nature Communications, the researchers started with particles in a classical antiferromagnetic state, where spins alternate directions. They observed a transition to a ferromagnetic state, where all spins align. Alan Santos, a physicist and co-organizer of the research, explains that “the system began with a flip-flop configuration of alternating spins and evolved spontaneously.”

While past studies have explored this transition at higher temperatures, this breakthrough shows that symmetry breaking can also occur even at nearly absolute zero, a state that is physically unattainable but can be simulated through quantum computing. The experiment involved a quantum circuit with seven qubits, enabling only immediate neighbor interactions. Santos emphasizes, “the crucial point was simulating dynamics at zero temperature.”

Researchers identified the phase transition using correlation functions and Rényi entropy, vital for measuring entanglement — a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics where particles become interconnected, such that the state of one instantly influences another, no matter the distance.

Santos points out the importance of these concepts in quantum computing: “Superposition allows a system to exist in multiple states simultaneously. Entanglement cannot be reproduced on classical computers.”

Think of it this way: a classical computer searches for a key by testing each one individually. A quantum computer can try multiple keys at once, significantly speeding up the process. Some tasks that would take classical computers eons, like factoring large numbers, are tackled much faster by quantum counterparts.

This study underscores the advantages of quantum computing in simulating quantum systems, something classical machines struggle with. Shenzhen, where the experiment was conducted, has quickly transformed into a leading tech hub, showcasing the rapid advancements in quantum technology.

Interestingly, the principles of symmetry breaking impact all branches of physics. Santos notes, “Symmetry gives us conservation laws; breaking it allows for complex structures.”

This exciting progress in quantum computing paves the way for further exploration in condensed matter physics, bringing us closer to realizing the potential of quantum technologies. For more detailed insights, check the original study in Nature Communications here.

Source link

Science, Physics News, Science news, Technology News, Physics, Materials, Nanotech, Technology, Science