Fewer than 10% of people who could benefit from obesity medications, like Wegovy, can actually access them, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This is alarming, especially with over a billion people globally classified as obese. Projections suggest that by 2030, this number could rise to over two billion if no action is taken.
The barriers to accessing these medications include high costs, limited production, and supply issues. The WHO has designated GLP-1 medications, often referred to as “skinny jabs,” as essential medicines for health systems to provide. Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the WHO director-general, pointed out that while these therapies won’t eliminate obesity, they can significantly aid those who struggle with weight management.
Obesity is increasingly viewed as a chronic disease that requires ongoing treatment strategies. These medications, intended for long-term use, should always be accompanied by lifestyle advice on diet and exercise to maintain weight loss.
One major challenge is the current supply of GLP-1 therapies. The best-case scenario forecast indicates that available production could only meet the needs of around 100 million people—less than 10% of those who would benefit. To combat this, WHO is urging countries and pharmaceutical companies to work together. They suggest options like voluntary licensing, where drug companies permit others to create affordable versions of their products.
A relevant context to consider is the upcoming expiration of the semaglutide patent in several countries in 2026. This will allow other manufacturers to produce cheaper alternatives in nations like India, Brazil, and Turkey, potentially increasing accessibility for many.
So how do these medications actually work? GLP-1 drugs mimic a natural hormone in the body that helps manage digestion and reduces appetite, making individuals feel fuller and thereby eat less. In the UK, these medications require a prescription and, while some can be obtained through the NHS, many are purchased privately. It’s crucial for individuals to steer clear of unregulated sources, such as beauty salons or social media, as these may present safety risks.
Research shows that people typically start seeing weight loss within weeks of starting these injections. However, a study highlighted by the BBC indicates that many regain weight within a year after stopping the medication due to the return of normal appetite.
Obesity is not just a personal issue; it’s a global health crisis. It was linked to approximately 3.7 million deaths worldwide in 2024. Tackling this issue requires a comprehensive approach, combining medical intervention with societal changes to promote healthier lifestyles.
For more on strategies to address obesity globally, see the WHO’s guidelines.
