Land and Environmental Defenders at Risk
In 2024, at least 146 land and environmental defenders were killed or reported missing globally. Over 80% of these incidents occurred in Latin America, making the region perilous for those fighting to protect their homes and natural resources. A recent report from Global Witness highlighted that Latin America continues to hold the unfortunate title of the most dangerous area for these defenders, recording 120 cases.
Colombia, in particular, stands out with 48 killings, which accounts for nearly one-third of all cases worldwide. Guatemala and Mexico follow, with 20 and 18, respectively. Notably, the number of killings in Guatemala surged fivefold from the previous year, marking it as the country with the highest death rate for defenders on a per capita basis. Brazil, Honduras, Chile, and Mexico also reported significant threats, with each country facing unique challenges.
Laura Furones, a lead researcher at Global Witness, explained the root causes of this violence. Many Latin American countries are rich in natural resources, leading to conflicts over land use, especially for agriculture and mining. This often results in violent attacks on those defending their rights.
Since 2012, Global Witness has recorded over 2,250 fatalities and disappearances of land and environmental defenders. About 75% of these cases were in Latin America, with close to 1,000 victims since 2018, following the adoption of the Escazu Agreement. This treaty aims to protect environmental advocates by ensuring access to information and public participation in environmental decisions. However, many nations are slow to fully implement the agreement, leaving defenders vulnerable.
Indigenous communities are particularly affected, facing a disproportionate number of attacks. They represent about 6% of the global population but accounted for one-third of all lethal assaults on defenders last year. In Latin America, 94% of attacks on Indigenous defenders occurred in this region, indicating a stark need for protective measures.
In Colombia’s Cauca region, Indigenous youth are taking proactive steps. They participate in community “semilleros,” or seedbeds, where they learn about environmental care and cultural traditions. This grassroots movement highlights their commitment to safeguarding their land and rights.
Small-scale farmers also face significant danger, comprising 35% of the victims in Latin America. Most of these killings are linked to land disputes and connected to industries like mining and agribusiness. Organized crime is implicated in at least 42 attacks, as well as involvement from private security forces.
The department of Putumayo in Colombia exemplifies the hazards defenders encounter. It’s not only rich in natural resources but also has a history of armed conflict and trafficking routes. A local environmental defender, wishing to remain anonymous, described the atmosphere as one of constant threat. Speaking out often puts individuals at risk from illegal mining and narcotics cultivation.
Andrew Miller from Amazon Watch emphasized that criminal networks now pose severe dangers. Their activities complicate the security situation for environmental defenders across the Amazon, creating a treacherous environment.
In conclusion, the perilous conditions for land and environmental defenders in Latin America call for urgent attention. Improved implementation of protective agreements and support for grassroots initiatives could help safeguard those who stand up for the environment and their communities.
For more information, you can visit Global Witness’s official website.
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Laura Furones,Andrew Miller,environment,Climate
