Current Affairs Report: June 9, 2025

Introduction

For students preparing for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, and Banking, staying updated with current affairs is crucial. June 9, 2025, brought a flurry of significant developments across politics, governance, economy, science, environment, defense, and sports. This comprehensive report, sourced from credible outlets like The Hindu, The Indian Express, Times of India, Hindustan Times, Business Standard, Livemint, The Economic Times, Press Information Bureau (PIB), PRS Legislative Research, BBC News, Reuters, and Down To Earth, provides an in-depth look at these events, tailored to enhance your exam preparation.

Politics and Governance

Income Tax Bill 2025

The Income Tax Bill 2025, introduced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in February 2025, is set to replace the decades-old Income Tax Act from April 1, 2026. This bill has stirred controversy due to its provisions allowing the Income Tax Department to access personal emails, social media accounts, and other digital platforms if tax evasion is suspected. Authorized officers can also break locks or override digital access codes to seize documents or assets. Critics, including a former Infosys CFO, have raised alarms about potential violations of the fundamental right to privacy, urging for judicial oversight to protect citizens’ rights (A2Z Tax Corp). The bill also introduces taxation on earnings from lotteries, online games, and virtual digital assets, alongside concessional rates for royalty income from patents and carbon credits.

One Nation, One Election

The ‘One Nation, One Election’ initiative, aimed at synchronizing national and state elections, made progress with the Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC), led by P P Chaudhary, projecting implementation by 2034. Two bills, the Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Ninth Amendment) Bill, 2024 and the Union Territories Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024, were introduced in December 2024. The JPC is conducting nationwide consultations, with visits to states like Uttarakhand and Maharashtra, expecting to complete the process in 2–2.5 years. The estimated cost is up to Rs 15,000 crore, with simultaneous elections potentially boosting voter turnout by 10–20%. This reform is seen as a step to reduce governance disruptions and enhance democratic participation (Maktoob Media).

Space Activities Bill

The Space Activities Bill is being redrafted to empower the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) and address private sector concerns. With India’s space economy valued at USD 8.4 billion in 2022 and targeted to reach USD 44 billion by 2033, the bill aims to provide regulatory clarity for over 400 private space startups. Key issues include intellectual property ownership and insurance access, with the new draft expected to streamline approvals and ensure compliance with international treaties like the Outer Space Treaty. This legislative move follows reforms like the Indian Space Policy 2023 and liberalized FDI policies (CSDR Online).

Government Schemes

Senior Citizen Scheme 2025

The Senior Citizen Scheme 2025, launched in January 2025, offers a monthly benefit of ₹3,000 to individuals aged 60 and above. Fully funded by the Central Government, this scheme aims to enhance financial independence and healthcare access for senior citizens. Applications can be submitted online or at designated government offices, requiring documents like Aadhar card, PAN card, and proof of residence. The scheme includes annual renewals and is exclusive to Indian residents, promising improved quality of life for the elderly (IRIA Gujarat).

Scheme Details	Information
Name	Senior Citizen Scheme 2025
Monthly Benefit	₹3,000
Eligibility	Age 60 and above, Indian residents
Start Date	January 2025
Application	Online portal or government offices
Documents	Aadhar, PAN, residence proof, bank details, photo

Judicial Updates

On June 9, 2025, the Supreme Court addressed significant cases. It refused an urgent hearing to a plea by the Tamil Nadu Government against the Central Government for allegedly withholding funds under the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), a key education scheme. This decision highlights ongoing tensions in federal funding (The Hindu). Additionally, the Court granted interim protection to two Madhya Pradesh journalists allegedly assaulted, directing them to seek further relief from the High Court, underscoring its commitment to press freedom (The Hindu). Other rulings included new guidelines for cheque bounce offenders and dismissing a plea on OBC reservation in CLAT 2025 (Courtbook).

Economic Developments

RBI Monetary Policy

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) implemented significant policy changes on June 6, 2025, cutting the repo rate by 50 basis points to 5.5% and shifting its stance to neutral. This move aims to stimulate economic growth amid concerns about slowing momentum. Additionally, the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) was reduced by 1% in four tranches, unlocking Rs 2,50,000 crore for the banking system by December 2025. RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra emphasized the need for liquidity to support growth (Reuters). The Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation is projected at 3.7% for 2025-26, with the first quarter at 2.9% (PIB).

Stock Market Response

The stock market reacted positively, with the Nifty Bank index crossing 57,000 for the first time, driven by a rate relief rally. ICICI Bank also reduced interest rates on fixed deposits, reflecting the broader impact of RBI’s policies (Economic Times). Equity indices like the Sensex and Nifty 50 rose by 0.35% and 0.43%, respectively, buoyed by global cues and RBI’s measures (The Hindu BusinessLine).

Economic Indicator	Details
Repo Rate	5.5% (cut by 50 basis points)
CRR Reduction	1% over four tranches
Liquidity Released	Rs 2,50,000 crore by December 2025
CPI Inflation 2025-26	3.7% (Q1: 2.9%)
Nifty Bank	Crossed 57,000

Science and Technology

The Axiom-4 mission, a joint effort between ISRO and NASA, was set to mark a historic moment with Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla as the pilot. However, due to unfavorable weather, the launch was postponed from June 10 to June 11, 2025. This mission highlights India’s growing role in global space exploration and strengthens bilateral ties with the United States (Livemint).

Environmental Conservation

India’s commitment to wildlife conservation was reinforced with the declaration of Madhav Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh as the country’s 58th Tiger Reserve. This move enhances efforts to protect endangered species (Instagram). However, the conservation community mourned the loss of Valmik Thapar, a renowned tiger conservationist whose work significantly shaped India’s wildlife policies (New York Times). The Union Budget 2025-26 allocated ₹3,412.82 crores to the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change, a 9% increase, supporting initiatives like the ICCON 2025 conference for wildlife experts (PIB).

Conservation Milestone	Details
Madhav Tiger Reserve	58th Tiger Reserve in India
Budget Allocation	₹3,412.82 crores (9% increase)
Key Event	ICCON 2025 conference

Defense and Security

India’s defense sector saw significant advancements. The country is set to receive 83 fighter jets equipped with advanced Israeli technology, manufactured in India through partnerships, enhancing air force capabilities (Jerusalem Post). The Indian Army received a ₹30,000 crore boost for the Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) Air Defence system, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) (News Arena India). Additionally, DRDO transferred nine defense technologies to ten Indian firms, promoting self-reliance in defense manufacturing (Jagran Josh). A delegation from the National Defense College visited Armenia, signaling strengthened defense diplomacy (Armradio).

Sports Achievements

Indian athletes excelled at the Taiwan Athletics Open 2025 in Taipei on June 7–8, securing 16 medals (12 golds, 3 silvers, 1 bronze). Standout performers included Jyothi Yarraji (women’s 100m hurdles), Tejas Shirse (men’s 110m hurdles), and Pooja (women’s 1500m and 800m), setting multiple championship records. This performance outshone Australia and South Korea, earning valuable world ranking points (The Logical Indian). In hockey, the Indian team faced the Netherlands in the FIH Pro League, showcasing competitive spirit (ESPN). The Ultimate Table Tennis league also continued, adding to India’s vibrant sports calendar.

Sports Event	Details
Taiwan Athletics Open	16 medals (12 golds, 3 silvers, 1 bronze)
Key Performers	Jyothi Yarraji, Tejas Shirse, Pooja
FIH Pro League	India vs. Netherlands

International Relations

India’s global engagement was evident with the Axiom-4 mission collaboration with NASA and the National Defense College delegation’s visit to Armenia. Additionally, discussions with Britain on counter-terrorism collaboration highlighted India’s proactive stance in global security (FDD). Tensions with Pakistan persisted, with India warning of deep strikes if provoked, amid a fragile ceasefire (Politico).

Health Updates

On the health front, India reported 6,491 active COVID-19 cases on June 9, 2025, with 358 new cases and zero deaths in the last 24 hours. The XFG variant accounted for 163 cases, primarily in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Gujarat (Livemint). This underscores the need for continued vigilance in public health.

Conclusion

The events of June 9, 2025, reflect India’s dynamic progress across multiple domains. From legislative reforms and economic policies to space exploration and sports achievements, these developments offer valuable insights for competitive exam aspirants. By understanding these updates, students can strengthen their knowledge base and gain a competitive edge in their preparation.

Key Citations

• Income Tax Bill 2025 Privacy Concerns
• One Nation One Election by 2034
• Space Activities Bill Redraft
• Senior Citizen Scheme 2025 Details
• Supreme Court Tamil Nadu Plea
• Supreme Court Protects Journalists
• RBI Repo Rate Cut
• RBI Inflation Forecast
• Nifty Bank Crosses 57,000
• ICICI Bank FD Rates
• Stock Market Updates
• Axiom-4 Mission Delay
• Valmik Thapar Passes Away
• Madhav Tiger Reserve
• Budget Allocation for Environment
• Fighter Jets with Israeli Technology
• QRSAM Air Defence System
• DRDO Technology Transfer
• National Defense College Armenia Visit
• India-Pakistan Tensions
• Taiwan Athletics Open 2025
• FIH Pro League Match
• COVID-19 Update India
• Counter-Terrorism Collaboration

Daily quiz on current affairs with answers

Question 1: Which of the following statements best describes the key controversy surrounding the Income Tax Bill 2025?
Option 1: It eliminates all exemptions for salaried individuals
Option 2: It allows the Income Tax Department to access digital platforms without prior judicial approval
Option 3: It increases tax rates on senior citizens’ pensions
Option 4: It merges GST with Income Tax for digital earnings
Option 5: It legalizes foreign donations for political parties
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: The major controversy of the Income Tax Bill 2025 stems from the provision granting the Income Tax Department powers to access personal digital platforms like emails and social media without prior judicial oversight. Critics argue this could infringe upon citizens’ right to privacy. The move has sparked debate about the need for stronger judicial checks to prevent misuse of authority.

Question 2: What is the objective of the ‘One Nation, One Election’ initiative currently being reviewed by a Joint Parliamentary Committee?
Option 1: To implement a uniform tax code across all states
Option 2: To synchronize the timing of Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections
Option 3: To enforce simultaneous school curriculums nationwide
Option 4: To establish a common language policy for all legislatures
Option 5: To centralize political party funding
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: The ‘One Nation, One Election’ initiative aims to synchronize the timing of elections for the Lok Sabha and all State Assemblies. The objective is to minimize governance disruptions, reduce the financial burden of frequent elections, and enhance voter participation. A Joint Parliamentary Committee is conducting consultations and expects full implementation by 2034.

Question 3: Which Indian astronaut was scheduled to pilot the Axiom-4 mission, a joint initiative between ISRO and NASA?
Option 1: Rakesh Sharma
Option 2: Gaganyaan Singh
Option 3: Shubhanshu Shukla
Option 4: Sunita Williams
Option 5: Anil Yadav
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: Shubhanshu Shukla was the Indian astronaut set to pilot the Axiom-4 mission, which was delayed due to unfavorable weather. This mission is a significant collaboration between ISRO and NASA and showcases India’s increasing role in international space exploration.

Question 4: What milestone did India achieve in environmental conservation with regard to tiger reserves?
Option 1: Launch of Project Tiger 2.0
Option 2: Doubling of tiger population since 2010
Option 3: Formation of a new global tiger conservation alliance
Option 4: Declaration of Madhav Tiger Reserve as India’s 58th Tiger Reserve
Option 5: Launch of a new national policy on wildlife corridors
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: On June 9, 2025, Madhav Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh was declared India’s 58th Tiger Reserve. This move reinforces India’s commitment to wildlife conservation and biodiversity protection. The reserve’s addition aligns with the country’s ongoing environmental policy efforts.

Question 5: How much liquidity is expected to be released into the Indian banking system by December 2025 due to the RBI’s recent CRR reduction?
Option 1: ₹1,00,000 crore
Option 2: ₹1,75,000 crore
Option 3: ₹2,50,000 crore
Option 4: ₹3,00,000 crore
Option 5: ₹75,000 crore
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: The RBI’s decision to reduce the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) by 1% in four tranches is expected to inject ₹2,50,000 crore into the banking system by December 2025. This move is aimed at stimulating economic growth and ensuring sufficient liquidity in the market amid slowing economic momentum.

Question 6: Who was a major Indian figure in tiger conservation that passed away recently, remembered for shaping India’s wildlife policies?
Option 1: Bittu Sahgal
Option 2: M K Ranjitsinh
Option 3: Kailash Sankhala
Option 4: M K Narayanan
Option 5: Valmik Thapar
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: Valmik Thapar, a veteran tiger conservationist and author, passed away recently. His contributions had a profound impact on India’s wildlife conservation strategies. His death was widely mourned by the environmental community.

Question 7: Which new defense capability is being developed under the ₹30,000 crore funding allocated to the Indian Army?
Option 1: BrahMos Mark-II missiles
Option 2: Hypersonic Glide Vehicles
Option 3: Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) system
Option 4: Anti-ship missile corvettes
Option 5: Integrated Air Defense Battle Management system
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: The Indian Army has received ₹30,000 crore for the development of the Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) system. Developed by DRDO, this system will significantly enhance India’s short-range air defense capabilities.

Question 8: What significant judicial decision was made by the Supreme Court concerning a plea from the Tamil Nadu Government?
Option 1: Ordered immediate fund release under SSA
Option 2: Refused urgent hearing on fund allocation dispute
Option 3: Directed a CBI inquiry into misuse of SSA funds
Option 4: Struck down the SSA as unconstitutional
Option 5: Mandated a new federal finance commission
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: The Supreme Court refused to urgently hear Tamil Nadu’s plea accusing the Centre of withholding funds under the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). This reflects ongoing intergovernmental tensions over central funding for education schemes.

Question 9: Which index recently crossed a historic level of 57,000 due to a rate-relief rally triggered by the RBI’s monetary policy decision?
Option 1: Sensex
Option 2: Nifty 50
Option 3: BSE MidCap
Option 4: Nifty Bank
Option 5: India VIX
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: Following the RBI’s repo rate cut, the Nifty Bank index crossed 57,000 for the first time. This surge was driven by investor optimism in the banking sector and expectations of improved credit demand, as banks may pass on lower rates to customers.

Question 10: Which athlete won gold medals in both the 1500m and 800m events at the Taiwan Athletics Open 2025?
Option 1: Jyothi Yarraji
Option 2: Tejas Shirse
Option 3: Neeraj Chopra
Option 4: Pooja
Option 5: Priyanka Goswami
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: Pooja emerged as a standout performer by winning gold medals in both the 1500m and 800m events at the Taiwan Athletics Open 2025. Her dual victories contributed significantly to India’s overall medal tally of 16 at the event.