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Current Affairs: 7 July 2025 – A Comprehensive Guide for Government Exam Aspirants

For students preparing for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, IBPS, and other government recruitment tests, staying updated with current affairs is essential. The events of 7 July 2025 offer a wealth of information across politics, governance, economy, science, technology, environment, health, and sports. This article, sourced from credible publications such as The Hindu, The Indian Express, Times of India, and others, provides a detailed and engaging overview to help aspirants gain a competitive edge. Each section is crafted to be reader-friendly, using simple English to ensure clarity and retention for exam preparation.

Politics and Governance: India’s Global and Domestic Challenges

On 6 July 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi delivered a powerful speech at the 17th BRICS Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the session on Peace and Security and Reform of Global Governance. He highlighted a critical issue: two-thirds of the world’s population lacks proper representation in global institutions established in the 20th century, such as the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). PM Modi emphasized that the Global South often faces “double standards” in international decision-making, advocating for a greater role for developing nations. He welcomed the expansion of BRICS, which now includes new members like Indonesia, as a sign of the group’s ability to adapt to modern challenges. The BRICS Leaders’ Declaration, adopted on 6 July, reflected India’s concerns, particularly condemning the recent Pahalgam terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir and supporting the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism (CCIT). Russia and China also backed India’s and Brazil’s aspirations for a larger role in the UNSC, strengthening India’s diplomatic push for global governance reforms.

This development is significant for exam aspirants, as questions on BRICS, UNSC reforms, and India’s foreign policy are common in UPSC and SSC exams. For instance, a potential question could be: “Discuss the significance of India’s participation in BRICS for promoting global governance reforms and counter-terrorism cooperation.” Understanding India’s stance on terrorism and its diplomatic efforts can help students craft well-rounded answers.

Citation: The Hindu

On the domestic front, the Election Commission of India (ECI) faced legal challenges over its Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in Bihar, where assembly elections are due soon. RJD MP Manoj Jha, along with leaders from eight opposition parties, filed a writ petition in the Supreme Court, alleging that the SIR could disenfranchise Muslim, Dalit, and poor migrant communities due to inadequate consultation with political parties. The ECI defended its actions, with Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar stating on 7 July 2025 that extensive consultations were held with all political parties. He noted that “no one was satisfied with the current status of electoral rolls for one reason or another,” but the SIR followed the ECI’s order of 24 June 2025 without changes. This issue is crucial for UPSC aspirants, as it touches on electoral reforms, governance, and social justice, topics frequently tested in General Studies Paper 2.

Citation: The Hindu, The Hindu

Additionally, on 7 July 2025, Prime Minister Modi met President Yamandu Orsi of Uruguay on the sidelines of the BRICS Summit, focusing on expanding the India-MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA). The discussions covered defense cooperation, digital collaboration, and people-to-people linkages, signaling India’s intent to strengthen ties with Latin American nations. This is relevant for exams, as it highlights India’s bilateral relations and trade agreements.

Citation: Indian Defence News

Economy: Market Volatility Amid Global Trade Tensions

The Indian stock market experienced a turbulent day on 7 July 2025, influenced by global and domestic factors. The BSE Sensex closed marginally higher by 9.61 points, or 0.01%, at 83,442.50, while the NSE Nifty remained virtually unchanged at 25,461.30. The volatility stemmed from caution ahead of the US tariff deadline on 9 July 2025, weak trends in Asian markets, and significant foreign fund outflows. Companies like Hindustan Unilever, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Trent, Reliance Industries, Asian Paints, and ITC were among the gainers, boosting the indices slightly. However, Bharat Electronics Ltd, Tech Mahindra, UltraTech Cement, Maruti, and Eternal saw declines, reflecting mixed market sentiments.

The US tariff deadline was a major concern, as President Donald Trump announced a 25% tax on goods from countries like Japan and South Korea, effective 1 August 2025, with potential implications for India’s trade. Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal had earlier stated that India would only accept a US trade deal if it is fully finalized and in the national interest, highlighting ongoing negotiations with the US, European Union, New Zealand, Oman, Chile, and Peru. For Banking and SSC aspirants, understanding these economic dynamics, including stock market trends and trade policies, is vital for questions on Indian economy and global trade.

Citation: The Hindu Business Line, The Hindu

Other economic developments included Jindal India receiving approval for a ₹3,600-crore steel project in Odisha, and Biocon Biologics gaining UK MHRA approval for biosimilars Vevzuo and Evfraxy. These reflect India’s growing industrial and pharmaceutical sectors, which are often tested in Banking exams.

Citation: The Hindu Business Line, The Hindu Business Line

Science and Technology: Advancing India’s Nuclear Capabilities

India achieved a significant milestone in its nuclear energy program with the operational licensing of two 700 MWe Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) at the Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS) in Gujarat. Licensed by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) for five years, KAPS-3 and KAPS-4 were commissioned in 2023 and 2024, respectively. These reactors are part of India’s ambitious plan to build ten PHWRs in fleet mode, operated by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd (NPCIL). This development enhances India’s energy security and supports its climate commitments by reducing reliance on fossil fuels. For UPSC aspirants, this is a key topic under General Studies Paper 3, with potential questions like: “Discuss the role of indigenous nuclear technology in ensuring India’s energy security and climate resilience.”

Citation: 99Notes

Environment: Concerns Over Great Nicobar Project

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the ₹72,000-crore Great Nicobar Infrastructure Project (GNIP) has raised significant concerns among experts. Commissioned by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation and executed by Vimta Labs, the nearly 900-page EIA report claims a low probability of a mega earthquake (magnitude 9 or more). However, experts like Professor Javed Malik from IIT-Kanpur and C.P. Rajendran from the National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru, argue that the region, classified in the highest seismological category, is prone to earthquakes due to the Andaman Trench’s subduction process. Historical data indicates at least seven large tsunami events in the last 8,000 years, with the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami claiming over 1,500 lives in the islands. Critics recommend site-specific studies and caution against major infrastructure in such a geo-dynamically vulnerable area. The project, which includes a trans-shipment port, international airport, township, and a 450 MVA power plant, has received environmental and preliminary forest clearances but is under review by the National Green Tribunal. This is a critical topic for UPSC and SSC exams, particularly under environment and disaster management.

Citation: The Hindu

Health: Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala

Kerala reported a concerning outbreak of the Nipah virus in Palakkad and Malappuram districts, with two confirmed cases and one death as of 7 July 2025. The state’s health department responded proactively, placing 383 people under surveillance, expanding ICU facilities, establishing round-the-clock control rooms, and providing N95 masks and psychological counseling. This swift response highlights Kerala’s robust public health infrastructure and its disaster risk reduction strategy. For UPSC aspirants, this is relevant for General Studies Paper 2 (Health) and Paper 3 (Disaster Management), with potential questions like: “Evaluate India’s public health response mechanisms to recurring zoonotic outbreaks, with reference to the Nipah virus surveillance in Kerala.”

Citation: 99Notes

Sports: India’s Historic Cricket Triumph

India celebrated a monumental achievement in sports on 6 July 2025, securing a 336-run victory against England in the second Test match at Edgbaston, Birmingham. This marked India’s first Test win at Edgbaston after seven losses and their biggest overseas Test victory by runs. Akash Deep emerged as the star, taking 10 wickets in the match, the best Test figures by an Indian in England. The victory leveled the series at 1-1 and set a record for the highest total runs in a Test between India and England. For SSC and Banking aspirants, sports achievements are often tested in General Knowledge sections, making this a key point to note.

Citation: Bankers Adda, The Hindu

Defense and International Relations: Strengthening Ties

On 7 July 2025, Prime Minister Modi’s meeting with Uruguay’s President Yamandu Orsi during the BRICS Summit focused on expanding the India-MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA), with discussions on defense cooperation, digital infrastructure like UPI, and cultural exchanges. This strengthens India’s ties with the MERCOSUR bloc (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay). Additionally, recent defense developments include the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) working on a new conventionally-armed variant of the Agni-5 ballistic missile, enhancing India’s strategic capabilities. The Indian Air Force’s success in Operation Sindoor (May 2025), where it destroyed three of Pakistan’s AN/TPS-77 radars, underscores India’s growing military prowess, a key topic for UPSC aspirants under security issues.

Citation: Indian Defence News, Indian Defence Research Wing

Conclusion: Preparing for Success

The events of 7 July 2025 provide a snapshot of India’s dynamic role in global and domestic spheres. From advocating for global governance reforms to advancing nuclear technology and tackling public health challenges, these developments are critical for aspirants of UPSC, SSC, Banking, and other government exams. Regularly following credible sources like The Hindu, The Indian Express, and PIB, and making concise notes, will help students stay ahead. Practice answering potential questions, such as those suggested in each section, to build confidence and clarity for the exams.

Citations:

Daily quiz on current affairs with answers English

Question 1:
Which of the following nations has recently supported India’s bid for a permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)?
Option 1: United Kingdom
Option 2: France
Option 3: United States
Option 4: Russia
Option 5: Germany
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: At the 17th BRICS Summit, Russia, along with China, supported India and Brazil’s aspirations for a more prominent role in the UNSC. This backing strengthens India’s case for UNSC reform and permanent membership, highlighting growing support from influential global powers within multilateral platforms.

Question 2:
What is the main concern raised by opposition leaders about the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in Bihar?
Option 1: It excluded women voters
Option 2: It could disenfranchise marginalized communities
Option 3: It ignored urban populations
Option 4: It was conducted without any legal basis
Option 5: It favored the ruling party
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: Leaders from eight opposition parties, including RJD MP Manoj Jha, filed a petition in the Supreme Court claiming that the SIR of electoral rolls in Bihar lacked sufficient consultation and could potentially disenfranchise Muslim, Dalit, and migrant communities. The Election Commission defended the revision process, stating it followed due procedure.

Question 3:
Which company recently received UK approval for biosimilar drugs Vevzuo and Evfraxy?
Option 1: Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories
Option 2: Sun Pharma
Option 3: Cipla
Option 4: Aurobindo Pharma
Option 5: Biocon Biologics
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: Biocon Biologics received approval from the UK’s MHRA for its biosimilar products Vevzuo and Evfraxy. These approvals signify India’s growing presence in the global pharmaceutical market and demonstrate its capability in advanced biosimilar production.

Question 4:
India’s stock market remained largely flat on 7 July 2025 due to concerns over:
Option 1: Upcoming US tariffs
Option 2: Domestic inflation data
Option 3: Corporate tax hike
Option 4: RBI interest rate hike
Option 5: Delay in monsoon
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: The Indian stock market showed minimal movement on 7 July due to global uncertainty ahead of the US tariff deadline set for 9 July. The announcement of a 25% tariff by the US on goods from Japan and South Korea caused market anxiety, affecting investor sentiment globally, including in India.

Question 5:
What is a key criticism raised by experts about the Great Nicobar Infrastructure Project (GNIP)?
Option 1: Lack of funding
Option 2: Displacement of indigenous people
Option 3: High seismic risk of the region
Option 4: Excessive land use
Option 5: Poor project management
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: Experts have criticized the ₹72,000-crore Great Nicobar Infrastructure Project for its location in a high-risk seismic zone, the Andaman Trench. Despite the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) suggesting otherwise, experts argue that the region is prone to massive earthquakes and tsunamis, making the infrastructure plan risky.

Question 6:
Which player took 10 wickets for India in the historic Test win against England at Edgbaston in July 2025?
Option 1: Mohammed Siraj
Option 2: Ravichandran Ashwin
Option 3: Jasprit Bumrah
Option 4: Ravindra Jadeja
Option 5: Akash Deep
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: Akash Deep starred in India’s landmark 336-run Test victory against England at Edgbaston by taking 10 wickets. This performance not only marked his best Test figures but also contributed to India’s biggest overseas win by runs, and their first-ever win at Edgbaston.

Question 7:
Which nuclear facility in India recently received operational licensing for two 700 MWe reactors?
Option 1: Kudankulam
Option 2: Tarapur
Option 3: Kakrapar
Option 4: Kalpakkam
Option 5: Narora
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: The Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS) in Gujarat received a 5-year operational license from the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) for its two 700 MWe PHWRs (KAPS-3 and KAPS-4). These reactors reflect India’s indigenous nuclear development and its goal to enhance energy security.

Question 8:
Which of the following agreements is India aiming to expand through talks with Uruguay?
Option 1: India-Latin America Free Trade Agreement
Option 2: India-MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement
Option 3: India-OPEC Energy Partnership
Option 4: Indo-Pacific Economic Cooperation Pact
Option 5: India-UNCTAD Investment Agreement
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: During the BRICS Summit, Prime Minister Modi met Uruguay’s President and discussed expanding the India-MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA). This agreement is key to strengthening trade and cooperation between India and Latin American countries like Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Question 9:
What proactive measure did Kerala take in response to the Nipah virus outbreak in July 2025?
Option 1: Imposed statewide lockdown
Option 2: Banned fruit imports
Option 3: Placed people under surveillance and expanded ICU facilities
Option 4: Sent special health teams to other states
Option 5: Suspended all educational institutions indefinitely
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: In response to two Nipah virus cases and one death, Kerala’s health department placed 383 people under surveillance, expanded ICU facilities, and launched control rooms and mental health support. These measures underscore Kerala’s efficient handling of public health crises through timely and coordinated action.

Question 10:
What strategic missile variant is DRDO reportedly working on as per recent developments?
Option 1: Nuclear-armed Prithvi-III
Option 2: Hypersonic Agni-6
Option 3: Submarine-launched Shaurya-II
Option 4: Conventionally-armed Agni-5
Option 5: Long-range K-5
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is working on a new variant of the Agni-5 ballistic missile that will be conventionally armed, as opposed to being nuclear-tipped. This reflects India’s effort to enhance its precision-strike capabilities while maintaining strategic deterrence with conventional payload options.

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