In 2023, research driven by artificial intelligence (AI) made significant strides. AI tools that use large language models (LLMs) are expected to become even more common. These tools can handle complicated tasks with less human input. However, as we rely on AI more, we may see some major mistakes too. Researchers have already found that AI can delete important data by accident.
Looking ahead, new AI techniques are emerging. Instead of large models that require extensive training, scientists are developing smaller models that learn from limited data. These models focus on solving specific reasoning challenges, rather than just generating text. Recently, a compact AI model even outperformed a large LLM in a logic test, showing the potential of these new approaches.
Gene editing is also advancing rapidly. Next year, two clinical trials could begin for personalized gene therapies aimed at treating rare genetic disorders in children. These trials build on the success of KJ Muldoon, a baby who received CRISPR treatment tailored to his rare metabolic disorder. The team behind this treatment is seeking FDA approval for more trials in Philadelphia, focusing on similar genetic issues. Another team plans to launch a trial for immune system disorders, highlighting the growing momentum in gene-editing research.
In the UK, a major clinical trial using a single blood test to detect about 50 types of cancer before symptoms appear is set to share results soon. This test analyzes tiny pieces of DNA released by cancer cells and identifies their origin. With over 140,000 participants, if the results are positive, health authorities may implement this tool widely across hospitals.
Next year will be busy for lunar exploration. NASA’s Artemis II will send four astronauts around the Moon, marking the first crewed mission in decades. China plans to launch its Chang’e-7 mission to explore the Moon’s south pole, an area known for its rocky surface. Last year, India’s Chandrayaan-3 became the first to land in that challenging region.
Research is also expanding our understanding of Mars. Japan’s Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission is set to collect samples from Phobos, one of Mars’ moons, and return them to Earth by 2031—an unprecedented achievement. Meanwhile, the European Space Agency is preparing to launch its PLATO satellite, which will search for Earth-like planets in a distant star system.
Even beneath the ocean, exciting projects are underway. China’s deep-ocean drilling vessel, Meng Xiang, is gearing up for its inaugural expedition, aiming to drill deep into the ocean floor to gather valuable geological data. This exploration will shed light on how the ocean floor forms and its tectonic processes.
As we look ahead, these scientific advancements offer hope and promise. They remind us of the incredible potential of human ingenuity in the face of complex challenges.
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Astronomy and astrophysics,Gene therapy,Machine learning,Public health,Science,Humanities and Social Sciences,multidisciplinary
