Climatic changes are a major threat to health in the 21st century. Events like heatwaves, droughts, and floods can harm both physical and mental well-being, especially for those in poor and rural areas. These groups often face limited access to necessities like food, clean water, and healthcare, making them more vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
While many studies on climate and mental health have focused on regions outside Africa, more attention is needed on the continent. A recent study conducted in Kenya’s Kilifi region sheds light on this. Over the years, Kilifi has been affected by drought and flooding, placing immense stress on its residents.
This research specifically looked at two groups of women: those living in informal settlements with no access to running water and those in homes with basic amenities. This approach highlights how climate change impacts mental health differently across socio-economic contexts.
The results were concerning. Women in informal settlements reported 10.8% higher levels of depression compared to those in more stable conditions. This mental health crisis often leads to increased suicidal thoughts among these vulnerable women. Their struggle is exacerbated by their roles as primary earners, balancing jobs that range from farming to small-scale trading. When they face mental health challenges, it not only affects them but also their families.
In the areas of Kaloleni and Rabai, where the study was conducted, many households rely on unreliable agriculture for survival. Poor living conditions, overcrowding, and lack of clean water worsen the community’s health and economic stability.
To delve deeper into the issue, researchers asked important questions:
- How do climatic changes like drought and heat affect women’s mental health?
- Are there differences in these impacts based on region?
- How do high food prices compound these mental health challenges?
Using surveys, researchers gathered insights from 14,801 participants about their perceptions of climate conditions and their mental health. Findings revealed alarming trends: a drop in rainfall was linked to a 28.7% increase in suicidal thoughts, while droughts saw a staggering 36.7% increase. This reflects the deep psychological toll that climate uncertainty takes on livelihoods.
Despite efforts by the Kenyan government to tackle these challenges, practical support for affected communities is still inadequate. Policymakers need to implement mental health services specifically tailored for those hit hardest by climate change. The integration of mental health support with food and water assistance, similar to strategies used in other countries like India, could significantly improve the situation.
To foster resilience in communities, it’s essential to address both physical and mental health. Initiatives to promote mental health awareness and support networks can empower women and help communities adapt to ongoing climate changes.
By prioritizing these issues, Kenya can better mitigate the long-term effects of climate change on its people’s well-being.
Cyprian M. Mostert is an Assistant Professor in Global Health Economics at Trinity College Dublin. For more insights on climate change and mental health, check out reports from the World Health Organization here.
