How Partisanship Shapes Perceptions of Solar Geoengineering: Key Insights from a Groundbreaking Conjoint Experiment

The conversation about solar geoengineering (SG), also known as solar radiation management (SRM), is gaining momentum as a potential solution for climate change. These techniques aim to cool the Earth by using methods like spraying reflective particles into the atmosphere, tweaking cloud cover, or changing how high-altitude clouds behave to lessen heat absorption.

A 2021 report from the National Academies of Sciences highlights the urgency to tackle climate risks, suggesting the U.S. should invest in SG research, alongside broader climate solutions. However, the public’s understanding of SG remains limited. This makes effective communication about its benefits and risks crucial, especially in today’s politically charged environment.

In the U.S., attitudes toward climate change are deeply polarized. Republicans often hold skeptical views about climate science, while Democrats generally support it. This divide complicates the conversation around SG. New research, however, shows that SG could redefine discussions around climate solutions, particularly in how it’s framed. Recent surveys from 22 countries indicate that public interest in SG is growing, suggesting a potential shift in perceptions.

Three main ways to frame SG have emerged. Firstly, some scientists see SG as a complement to existing climate strategies, emphasizing the need for emission reductions as well. Others argue it could serve as a technological substitute, appealing to those who prefer tech-driven solutions. Lastly, there’s concern about “moral hazard,” suggesting that SG might create a false sense of security, making people less eager to pursue traditional climate actions.

The framing of SG matters, as how we present the issue influences public perception. While the complementary frame may resonate with moderates, the substitution frame might attract conservatives. A recent study involving over 2,100 American voters found that the messenger’s political alignment significantly impacts how people view SG. Republicans, for instance, were more inclined to trust information from sources that align with their political beliefs. Interestingly, the type of frame used—whether it emphasized complementarity, substitution, or moral hazard—had less impact than who delivered the message. This insight points to a critical challenge: in a divided political landscape, it’s not just what you say but who says it that counts.

The discussion around SG is also crucial for understanding governance. Its potential global ramifications raise questions about how different countries might collaborate or compete regarding climate goals. Engaging the public in these discussions could guide the development and regulation of SG technologies.

Public attitudes toward emerging technologies like SG can be swayed by the messenger’s political affiliations. Research shows that people are more likely to trust sources that share their political beliefs, which may further entrench divisions in climate policy discussions. This suggests that strategic communication and framing of SG could bridge some of these divides, but it requires careful consideration of how information is shared.

In summary, while solar geoengineering could play a significant role in addressing climate change, its success hinges on how it’s communicated and who communicates it. Understanding these dynamics is key to fostering informed public discourse and building consensus on climate action moving forward.



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Climate-change mitigation,Environmental social sciences,Psychology and behaviour,Social sciences,Climate Change,Climate Change Management and Policy,Social Policy,Environmental Economics,Environmental Politics