Revolutionary High-Energy Compound Developed by Chemists to Propel Future Space Travel

University at Albany chemists have made an exciting breakthrough in rocket fuel. They’ve created a new high-energy compound called manganese diboride (MnB₂). This compound could significantly enhance the efficiency of space travel.

When ignited, manganese diboride releases more energy per weight and volume than current fuels. This means rockets could carry less fuel, leaving room for important equipment and scientific samples. Assistant Professor Michael Yeung emphasizes the need for efficient fuel in space missions, where every bit of space is critical.

Manganese diboride is around 20% more energetic by weight and 150% more by volume compared to the aluminum used in solid rocket boosters. Importantly, it’s safe and only ignites when in contact with an ignition source like kerosene.

The compound’s boron-based structure isn’t just about rockets. Yeung’s lab is also exploring its potential for more durable catalytic converters and as a catalyst for breaking down plastics.

How It’s Made

Creating manganese diboride involves extreme heat, around 3,000°C (5,432°F), using a device called an arc melter. Manganese and boron powders are combined into a pellet, which then undergoes this intense heating process before rapid cooling to lock in its unique structure.

PhD student Joseph Doane recalls how diborides began gaining attention back in the 1960s. Recent advances in technology have finally allowed researchers to synthesize compounds that were once considered theoretical.

New Insights into Structure

Understanding manganese diboride’s molecular structure is crucial. PhD student Gregory John developed computer models showing that the compound features a unique “deformation” that contributes to its high energy storage potential. This deformation can be visualized as a distorted ice cream sandwich structure, where the outer “cookies” represent a lattice of interlocking hexagons—slightly skewed, allowing for energy storage.

This can be likened to a trampoline: when stretched, it stores energy that releases upon bouncing back.

The Bigger Picture

Boron-based compounds are thought to possess unique properties. According to Associate Professor Alan Chen, scientists are eager to discover how these properties could lead to new materials with applications beyond rocket fuel—like stronger, more durable construction materials and improved recycling methods.

Yeung’s interest in these compounds began during his graduate studies, when he created a boron compound that unexpectedly lit up orange. It sparked his curiosity, highlighting the energetic nature of boron compounds.

Recent research on manganese diboride shows promise for advancing space technology and environmental efforts. It exemplifies how pursuing the unknown in chemistry can lead to remarkable discoveries, benefiting multiple fields.

For more information on this research, you can check out the findings published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

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