Thriving Together: How the Economy and Environment Can Coexist for a Sustainable Future

Bangladesh’s geography makes it prone to natural disasters. But beyond these physical challenges, much of the country’s issues stem from poor practices and decision-making. A key area of concern is the garment industry, which generates over 84% of Bangladesh’s export earnings. In 2024, exports from this sector grew by 7.23%, reaching $38.48 billion, according to the Export Promotion Bureau. While the industry brings profits, it also wreaks havoc on the environment. The carbon emissions and waste produced are harming ecosystems and polluting vital rivers like the Buriganga and Shitalakhya.

Shifting to eco-friendly practices in industry is essential for both growth and environmental safety. If we don’t change course, this imbalance could threaten the future of Bangladesh. As the economy grows, protecting the environment must not take a back seat.

Brick kilns stand out as another major source of air pollution. There’s a pressing need for new technologies in construction and better enforcement against illegal brick kilns. Current laws allow for fines and imprisonment for unlicensed operations, but adherence to these rules is often lacking.

Vehicle emissions also significantly worsen air quality. In 2021, air pollution led to over 235,000 deaths in Bangladesh. Children are particularly at risk, experiencing health issues like low birth weight and lung diseases. Many vehicles still run on gasoline and diesel, emitting harmful substances. The Motor Vehicles Ordinance of 1983 allows for penalties against vehicles that jeopardize public health. To combat this pollution, cities like Rajshahi have introduced electric vehicles, showcasing a model for sustainable urban transport. The successful implementation of battery-operated autorickshaws and rental e-bikes proves that eco-friendly solutions can benefit the economy while protecting the environment.

Deforestation is another significant issue. In 2020, Bangladesh had around 1.82 million hectares of natural forest, which is only 13% of the total land area. By 2023, the loss was 20,200 hectares, leading to 11.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions. Laws against illegal logging exist, but enforcement needs to be strengthened to protect these vital resources.

Fossil fuel dependence complicates energy security too. Many buildings and vehicles use outdated machinery, consuming excessive energy. This not only depletes energy reserves but also increases greenhouse gas emissions. Transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power is crucial for long-term environmental sustainability and economic stability.

Lastly, global collaboration is vital for tackling climate challenges. Climate change knows no borders, and countries must work together to secure funding and share innovative solutions. By focusing on sustainable practices, Bangladesh can bolster its climate resilience and contribute to global efforts against climate change.

Ummi Hossain is an apprentice lawyer at Rajshahi Judge Court.

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