In September 2023, an unexpected event shook the world. A landslide in Greenland’s Dickson Fjord caused a massive tsunami, setting off seismic waves that were detected worldwide. This seismic activity surprised scientists, as it lasted much longer than typical earthquake readings.
On September 16, 25 million cubic yards of rock and ice plummeted from the cliffs in Dickson Fjord, creating a mega-tsunami reaching heights of 650 feet. When the wave struck, it sent a shockwave through the fjord. It didn’t just crash and retreat; it bounced back and forth, creating a phenomenon called a seiche, which led to even more seismic activity.
The immediate impact was felt at research stations, like the one on Ella Island, where equipment worth $200,000 was damaged. However, the tsunami’s effects lingered much longer, causing the fjord’s waters to oscillate for days. This unusual motion generated a slow, ongoing seismic signature that baffled researchers initially.
The seismic signals were unlike anything recorded before. Instead of rapid spikes typically seen during earthquakes, they showed smooth, rhythmic patterns, spaced about 92 seconds apart and continuing for nine days. This mystery prompted a global team of over 70 scientists to investigate further. Alice Gabriel from UC San Diego noted the challenge of simulating a sloshing tsunami with accuracy.
Using satellite technology, researchers gained insights into the tsunami’s behavior. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite, which launched in 2022, mapped the fjord with high resolution. It captured a wide area, revealing how the waves interacted with the fjord’s layout. Thomas Monahan from Oxford University remarked on the satellite’s pivotal role in monitoring such dynamic environments effectively.
The event raised concerns about the Arctic environment, already under threat from climate change. As global temperatures rise, glaciers are melting, destabilizing cliffs and increasing the risk of landslides. Kristian Svennevig from the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland emphasized that climate change is starting to trigger new natural events in the region.
In recent years, research shows that Greenland’s ice loss has accelerated. According to a 2022 study, the Greenland ice sheet is losing about 199 billion metric tons of ice annually, contributing to rising sea levels worldwide. This trend points to an alarming future where landslides and related phenomena could become more frequent, putting people and ecosystems at risk.
As tourism and research in the Arctic grow, there’s a push for better early-warning systems. Combining real-time seismic data with satellite imaging could be crucial in monitoring these dangerous situations.
For those interested in the detailed scientific findings, the study is available in the journal Science and Nature Communications.
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