Unlocking Earth’s Future: How Solar Radiation Reflection Could Regulate Global Temperatures

New research is diving into solar radiation modification (SRM) to better understand its risks and potential impact. This method reflects some of the Sun’s rays back into space, which some believe could help manage climate change. As the effects of climate change become more severe, radical measures like SRM are getting more attention globally.

The UK government is very focused on achieving net zero and addressing the root causes of climate change. However, there’s still a lot we don’t know about how SRM could affect the Earth if it were used widely. This uncertainty extends to the potential impacts on human life and ecosystems.

The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is stepping in with a £10 million investment in four research projects starting in April. These studies aim to fill the knowledge gaps surrounding SRM. Importantly, these projects will not apply SRM in real-world scenarios but will instead use computer models and historical data to assess its effects.

These studies will investigate:

• Stratospheric aerosol intervention – adding particles to the atmosphere to reflect sunlight.
• Marine cloud brightening – spraying seawater to enhance cloud reflectivity, making them whiter and cooler.
• The Earth’s response to SRM by comparing it with natural events like volcanic eruptions.
• Potentially effective but less-known methods, including using cellulose nanocrystals.

Currently, the UK has no plans to deploy SRM but emphasizes the importance of studying its implications. The goal is to create risk assessments that can guide policymakers in making informed decisions about climate interventions. If SRM is considered, understanding its risks could prevent unwanted surprises.

Public opinion is also being taken into account. NERC is commissioning a public dialogue to glean insights about how different groups feel regarding SRM. Engaging the public ensures that a variety of views are heard as this complex issue is explored.

Professor Louise Heathwaite, chair of NERC, highlighted the urgency of the research, noting that while it’s critical to focus on reducing greenhouse gases, the growing global interest in SRM means we need to evaluate these methods thoroughly. Ethical and governance issues are also part of this discussion.

These projects are part of NERC’s broader programme on environmental responses to SRM. Here’s a closer look at what each project is aiming to achieve:

1. Risk Assessment and Climate Measures

This project tackles stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). While it has the potential to reduce temperatures, its risks, including effects on weather patterns and society, aren’t fully understood. Researchers will explore these risks in detail while also considering social, political, and economic implications.

2. Marine Cloud Brightening (MACLOUD)

MACLOUD seeks to model the potential for marine cloud brightening, which involves creating salty aerosols to increase cloud reflectivity. By simulating various climate scenarios, this project will examine the benefits and risks of this technique.

3. Natural Analogues (QUESTION)

Using historical events like volcanic eruptions as a reference, this project will analyze SRM’s effects while also improving climate models. This aims to better separate SRM’s signals from other factors influencing climate change.

4. Evaluation of Climate Interventions (ECLIPSE)

This study will assess four SRM approaches, including the use of cellulose nanocrystals. For each method, researchers will evaluate how it interacts with changing temperature scenarios, especially in the context of the critical 1.5°C climate goal.

In conclusion, while SRM presents a controversial approach to climate change, understanding its implications is essential. The thorough investigations being conducted now will inform future decisions, helping us navigate this challenging landscape responsibly.

For more on the UK’s approach to climate interventions, check out the government’s position statement on SRM.

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Climate change,Green Futures Solutions,Research