Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have made a significant discovery about impulsive decision-making, also known as delay discounting. This term refers to the tendency to choose smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed ones. Their study, published in Molecular Psychiatry, analyzed genetic data from over 134,000 participants through 23andMe.
Sandra Sanchez-Roige, a lead author on the study, highlighted that this impulsive behavior is not just a random choice; it connects to our genetics. “These findings show that delay discounting is not just a behavioral tendency; it is deeply intertwined with genetic pathways involved in brain development, cognition, and physical health,” she explained.
The study identified 11 specific genetic regions tied to delay discounting and pinpointed 93 candidate genes. Many of these genes are related to dopamine signaling and brain growth, which also play roles in issues like obesity and mental health disorders. The researchers found that this impulsive behavior correlates with various traits, including substance use and even sleep patterns.
In another interesting step, the research team created polygenic scores representing genetic tendencies toward impulsive decision-making. They found connections between these scores and over 200 health outcomes, including type 2 diabetes and mood disorders. “This highlights how impulsive decision-making could impact long-term health risks,” said Hayley Thorpe, a co-author.
But why does this matter? Understanding the genetic roots of delay discounting could lead to new ways to treat impulsivity. Sanchez-Roige mentioned the potential to enhance behavioral therapies and medications aimed at helping people manage impulsive tendencies better.
The findings resonate with a broader trend; many studies are beginning to uncover how genetic makeup influences behavior and health. For instance, a survey by the American Psychological Association found that nearly 39% of adults consider impulsivity to be a major factor affecting their well-being.
As researchers push forward, they emphasize the need to explore cause-and-effect relationships. Future studies should consider how external factors, like socioeconomic conditions, affect delay discounting. As Sanchez-Roige put it, “By continuing to investigate this fundamental decision-making process, we may uncover new ways to prevent or treat a wide range of conditions.”
For now, this research shines a light on how our genes can shape our choices—and ultimately, our health.
Source: University of California – San Diego
Journal Reference: DOI: 10.1038/s41380-025-03356-8
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