Male ghost sharks, with their ghostly appearances, have a fascinating feature: a bony rod on their foreheads lined with rows of sharp teeth. Recent research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that these teeth aren’t just for show; they play a crucial role in mating.
This rod, called a tenaculum, is unique to male ghost sharks and is used to grasp females during mating. It’s a striking example of how evolution adapts body parts for new functions. “If these creatures can grow teeth outside their mouth, imagine what else might be out there!” says Dr. Gareth Fraser, the lead researcher from the University of Florida.
The study, involving experts from various institutions, used both fossils and living specimens to uncover this mystery. A 315-million-year-old fossil showed the tenaculum connected to the upper jaw, similar to modern ghost sharks. This connection suggests that the ability to grow teeth may have originated in their mouths and later adapted to this unusual location.
Dr. Fraser and his team employed CT scans to gather detailed views of these teeth. They discovered that the tenaculum teeth closely resemble traditional shark teeth. Genetic tests confirmed that these teeth are distinct from shark skin denticles, meaning they are true teeth.
“This research illustrates how evolution tinkers with existing features,” explains Dr. Michael Coates from the University of Chicago. “It shows how one structure can develop into something completely new for reproduction.” This flexibility highlights the innovative paths evolution can take.
Dr. Karly Cohen from the University of Washington pointed out that this is the first clear example of teeth outside the mouth in this way. “The tenaculum is not just a quirky feature; it’s a significant evolutionary development,” she says.
As we explore the ocean’s depths, the researchers believe more astonishing discoveries await. Their work not only sheds light on ghost sharks but also points to the remarkable adaptability of life on Earth.
For more on the study, you can check the full paper here: Teeth outside the jaw.
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